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manual scavengers (Challenges remain (Legislative failure (2013 -…
manual scavengers
banned 25 years ago - Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993, - continues to find practitioners.
2.6 million insanitary latrines (dry toilets) - cleaning by hand - according to Safai Karmachari Andolan
Measures taken
Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act - parliament -1993 - imprisonment - one year and a fine of Rs 2,000
Self Employment Scheme for Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers(SRMS) - successor scheme to NSLRS ( National Scheme for Liberation and Rehabilitation of Scavengers and their Dependents) - introduced in 2007
Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013
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right to live with dignity - Part III of the Constitution. Article 46 of the Constitution- State shall protect the weaker sections particularly - Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes
Way forward
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liberation of these people - associated with the change - social status and the ‘mould’ of their social relationships
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Challenges remain
manual scavenging - arising - continued existence of insanitary latrines + highly iniquitous caste system
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Swacch Bharat Mission - millions of septic tanks - rural India - Central, state and local sanitation programmes do not take up faecal sludge management as a priority,onus will shift to the lowest rung- clean millions of dry toilets
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Open drains are also badly designed, allowing people to dump solid waste
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Irony of Swachh Bharat Mission - aims at protecting dignity of women - private sanitation spaces , on the other perpetuating humiliation of women manual scavengers - clean human excreta from dry-pit latrines
Legislative failure
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district magistrate had the power to solve all the cases , now not the case.
assigned public official isn’t doing his duty of identifying manual scavengers and processing their rehabilitation - no mechanism to pull them up
does not address rehabilitation of those who were liberated from manual scavenging before passing the law in 2013
Safety issues - oxygen cylinder, torches, and constant monitoring of workers through computers - not mentioned in the act - provided to the cleaners
Low level of education, awareness about their rights, laws
National Safai Karmachari Commission - mandated to implement the act - not been functioning properly - website has not been updated