Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Cells (Terms (Organs: they combine multiple types of cells and tissues to…
Cells
Terms
Organs: they combine multiple types of cells and tissues to perform a special, more complex function (ex. The heart needing nerve tissue, muscle tissue and connective tissue to work.)
Systems: within an organism, they're a collection of different organs all doing their own thing but contributing to a collective purpose, for example, the digestive system.
Tissues: made up of different kinds of cells within an organism. Made to work together to perform a basic function, for example, nerves requiring nerve and Schwann’s cells to work together to work properly
Organisms: any independent living thing. Can be small or big, of any shape, colour, complexity, etc. Grey areas exist.
DNA: A type of macromolecule found within the nucleus and mitochondria of almost every cell in the human body, shaped like a double helix. DNA is made of four different smaller molecules called nucleotide bases, A, C, T and G. The information to create almost any organism is spelled using those four letters.
Genes: words made using the letters ACTG put up in different patterns. A gene usually acts as instructions on how to build a specific type of protein.
Allele: different versions of the same gene, for example, they are responsible for different eye colours.
Genome: the sum of all the genetic information present in an organism. The human genome is about 3 billion letters long.
Diversity: description of how different the genomes of two different organisms of the same species are. It is important because without it, the same disease could kill an entire speciesl. Humans are roughly 99.4% identical to each other.
Chromatin:the form DNA takes when being actively read/used, for example, during cell divisions
Organelles
Nucleus: contains most of the DNA in the cell, head office
Membranes: they act as wells, preventing cytoplasm from entering specialized areas of the cell (ex. nucleus) or leaving it
Mitochondria: converts sugars into usable energy, the powerhouse of the cell
Chloroplasts: only found in plant cells, performs photosynthesis (turns light into sugar)
Endoplasmic Reticulum: massive folded structures, proteins are shaped and folded here, like machines
Golgi Apparatus: folded structures, packages and ships cell products and/or waste to be taken out of the cell
Lysosomes/ Peroxisomes: break down specific macromolecules for use in the cell, also aggressive reactors that will kill the cell if something is amiss, janitors/ suicide squad
Ribosomes: build proteins out of amino acids, can be attached to the ER or float around on their own
-
-
Macromolecules
More complex than regular molecules. Includes starches, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Closely tied to living beings, not often found without an organism involved. They can join together to form cells and their components.