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WBC I (Leukocytosis WBC > 11,000 (Neutrophils >10,000…

- - - - Causes
        
        Bone marrow
        
        Precursor pool:
        
        GF dependent: inflammation
        
        GF independent: myeloproliferative disorders
        
        Storage pool:
        IL-1/TNF --> acute inflammation from infection
        
        Peripheral blood
        
        Exercise +
        Catecholamines
        
        Tissues
        
        Corticosteroids =
        decreases extravasation into tissues -->
        increase intravascular count
      - Labs
        
        Morphology:
        
        Dohle body
        
        Vacuolization
        
        Toxic granulation
        
        Leukemoid reaction = increase neutrophils >50,000
        
        Left shift/bandemia: increased bands (immature forms)
        
        Leukoerythoblastic reaction: left shift + nucleated RBC
  - - - Causes
        
        Allergy
        
        Parasites
        
        Drug reaction
        
        Hodgkin Lymphoma
        
        Eosinophilic pneumonias
      - Labs:
        
        Charcot-Leiden crystals
  - - - Cause
        
        CML
  - - - Causes
        
        Chronic infections
        
        TB
        
        Bacterial endocarditis
        
        Autoimmune disorders:
        
        SLE
        
        RA
        
        IBD
  - - - Causes
        
        Infection
        
        Pertussis - Bordatella
        
        Chronic: TB
        
        VIRAL
        
        EBV
        
        Infectious Mononucleosis:
        EBV infects oropharynx, liver, mature B cells (via CD21)--> lytic or lysogenic (polyclonal Ab) --> CD8+ response
        
        CMV
        
        Hepatitis
        
        Neoplastic = CLL
      - Labs
        
        ATYPICAL lymphs with
        LARGE cytoplasm
- - - - Causes
        
        Autoimmune diseases (SLE)
        
        Radiation (therapeutic or accidental exposures)
        
        Lymphs = sensitive
        
        Acute Viral infections
        
        Tuberculosis + other disseminated granulomas
        
        Corticosteroids (lysis lymphs) or cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs
        
        Acquired immune deficiencies: HIV
        
        T-cell Congenital immune deficiencies (DiGeorge syndrome, SCID)
        
        Malnutrition
  - - - Pancytopenia
    - - Symptoms
        
        Ulcers
        
        Skin, vagina, anus, GI
        
        Agranulocytic angina:
        gingiva, mouth, pharynx
        
        Risk of severe infections
        
        Bacterial (lungs/urinary)
        
        Fungal (aspergillus/candida)
        
        Bacterial colonies grow on skin/mucosa
        
        Botryomycosis
        
        Pseudomycosis
    - - Inadequate/ineffective production
        
        DRUG TOXICITY = MAIN
        
        Cancer chemotherapy
        
        Idiosyncratic drug reactions
        
        Immuno
        
        Alcohol
        
        Ineffective hematopoiesis:
        
        Megaloblastic anemia (B12/Folate deficiency)
        
        Myelopthisic process: cancer
        
        Suppression of HSC
        
        Aplastic anemia
      - Accelerated destruction
        
        Infections
        
        Splenomegaly
        
        Antibody mediated injury
        
        Autoimmune
        
        Drugs
    - - Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)
  - - - Chediak Higashi
      - EBV
    - - Hepatosplenomegaly
        
        Fever
        
        Inflammation
    - - 2+ cell line cytopenia
        
        LFT
        
        INCREASED ferritin --> DIC