chapter12
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1.superior/inferior vena cava
2.right atrium
3.tricuspid valve
4.right ventricle
5.pulmonary semi lunar valve
6.pulmonary trunk
7.left and right pulmonary arteries
8.capillaries (lungs)
9.pulmonary veins
10.left atrium
- bicuspid or mitral valve
12.left ventricle
13.aortic semi lunar valve
- ascending aorta
kahoots
the PRKINJE FIBERS of the heart are located in the walls of the ventricles
depolarization = p wave
qrs=ventricular depolarization
sa node, av node, av bundle, purkinje fibers
max rate of contraction muscle =200 per min
cardiac muscle is neither summantion nor tetany can occur
cardiac and skeletal muscle are similar +prensnce of striations
if the conccection between the sa node and av node becomes blockes.... the venticles will beat independently of the atraia
t wave=venticular repolarization
the senocd heart sound is heard when .... the similunar valves close
relaxation of the ventricles is called venticular diastole
the conduction velocity along purkinje fiver is GREATER
under condiotions of hypocalcemia cardiac muslce contractions is weak
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12.1
base=wide superior border apex=inferior point
visceral pericardium.. innermost delicate epithelium +CT covering surrounding the heart mucle
parital pericardium.. inner lining of the fibrous pericardium
fibrous pericardium...outermost tough fibrous protective CT layer that prevents overstretching of the heart
wall of the heart is composed of 3 layers 1.epicardium 2. myocardium 3.endocardium
upper chambers are called atria
ear like flaps called auricles cover the atria
lower chambers are called ventricles
right and left ventricle are separated by the interventricular septum
ventricles pump blood from the heart into arteries
atria recieve blood from the veins
thick walled chambers
artiroventular valves AV
the tricuspud lies between the right atrium and ventricle
the bicuspid valve lies between the left atrium and ventricle
chorde tentinease tendon like fibrous chords that connect the cups of AV valves to the papillary muscle of ventricles
papillary .. the muscular colums that are located on the inner surface of the venticles
semilunar valves .. the pulmonary sl valve lies within the pulmonary trunk
the aortle SL valve lies within the aorta
aorta carries blood from the left venticle to the body
the bicuspid lies between the left atrium and ventricle
chordae tendineae " tendon like fibrous cords that connect the cusps of av valves to the papillary valves
papillary the muscular columns that are located on the inner surface of the ventricles
SEMILUNAR VALVES
the pulmonary sl valve lies within the pulmonary trunk
the aorte sl valve lies within the aorta
major blood vensselst
artieries carry blood away from the heart
aorta carries blood from the left venticle to the body
pulmonary artieries carry blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
coronary artieries carry blood to the myocardium
veins carry blood towards the heart
superior vena cava brings blood from the head and upper limbs
inferior vena cava brings blood from the trunk and lower limbs
coronary sinus brings blood from the myocardium
ALL DEPOSIT BLOOD TO THE RIGHT ATRUIM
pulmonary veins bring blood from the lungs to the left atrium
ascending aorta oxygenated blood
coronary arteries 1st and 2nd branch of the aorta
anastomosis connection between 2 or more branches of arteries that supply the same region with blood
capillaries in myocardium exchange of gases ,cardiac venins deoxygenated blood
ischemia reduction of blood flow
hypoxia reducaed oxygen supply dues ti ischemia
angina pectoris severe chest pain the accompanies myocardial ischemia
myocardial heart attack infraction
reperfusion damage occurs when an oxygen deprived tissye blood supply is reestablished
antioxidants defend the body against this damage and include the enzyme catalase vitamin e c and beta carotene
12.2
rapid depolarization due to opening of na+ channels
platude due to opening of CA++ channels
repolarization dur to opening K+ channels
refractory period= the times following a contraction when a second contraction cannot be triggered
the frank starling law of the heart says that strength increases as venous return increases ( blood flow into the heart must be pumped out)
sinoatrial node SA located in the right upper most atrial wall
impulse travels throughout atrial fibers via gap junctions in intercalated discs to the..
atrioventricular node AV located in interatrial septum serves as a delay that allows for ventricular filling
atrioventricular bundle only electrical; connection between the atria and ventricles located in the superior interventricular septum
right and left bundle fibers lead downward through interventricular septum toward the aapex and impulse finally reaches
purkinje fibers large diameter conduction myofibers located within the papillary muscles of the ventricles conduct the impulses into the mass of the ventricular muscle tissue
electrocardiogram a recording of the electrical changes that occur ut the myocardium during the cardiac cycle
depolarization preceded contraction repolarization precede relaxation
p wave: atrial depolarization qrs: ventricular depolarization twave: ventricular repolarization
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12.4
cardiac output CO the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
SV volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each beat
Noramal co 5 ;liters
lower temp slows deplarization of sa node lower heart rate decreased contraction
higher temp increases heart rate strength of contraction
parasympathetic:decreases cardioinhibitor reflex center
sympathetic increases cardioinhibitory reflex center