Taxonomy (genetically classified)

Taxonomy
(genetically classified)

Eukaryotes

Archea

Eubacteria

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Koracheaota

Euryarcheota

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Crenacheaota

Nanoarcheota

SCA Clone1/ Marine Lineage

Extreme thermophile

Acidophlie

Extreme Halophile

e.g. methanogen

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Proteobacteria

Chlamydias

Spirochaetes

Cyanobacteria

Gram-positive Bacteria

Gamma

Delta
(Myoxobacteria)

Beta

Epsilon

alpha

Most rely on symbiosis e.g. Rhisobium sp.

Some cause problems e.g. Ricketta sp. (Typhus) Agrobacterium sp.

e.g. Nitrosomanas sp.(Nitrification ammonium to nitrite)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae(Gonorrhea)

Most are photoautotroph e.g. Thiomagarita namibensis

e.g.Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp.

able to secrete mucus

e.g. Chondromyces crocatus, Mtxococcus xanthus

Main group of bacteria which causes diseases in animals and human

e.g. Helicobacter pylori(stomach inflammation), Campylabacter sp.(Intestine inflammation , ติดเชื้อในกระแสเลือด septicemia)

e.g. Chlamydia trachomatis

Thin peptidoglycan

Have rotation via flagellum-like filament(axial filament)

Most are free-living but some(such as Treponema pallidum -- syphillis)can cause diseases

able to photosynthesize

e.g. Oscillatoria sp. , Nostoc sp.

Many species can fix nitrogen into usable form for plants such as Anabaena sp. with Azolla sp.

Thick peptidoglycan except mycoplasma

e.g. actinomyces(fungus-like bacteria)

Streptomycus sp.(used for antibiotics extraction)

lactic acid bacteria, Streptococci(sore throat)

Staphylactococci( such as S. aureus skin infection)

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EXCAVATA

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Euglenozoans

Diplomonads

Parabasalids

SAR CLADE

ARCHAEPLASTIDA

UNIKONTA

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Rhizarians

Stramenopiles

Alveolates

Golden algae(chrystophyte)

Brown algae(phaeophyte)

Diatoms

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Ciliates

Dinoflagellates

Apicomplexans

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Radiolarians

Forams

Cercozoans

Red algae

Green plant(Viridiplantae)

Chlorophytes

Streptophyte

Charophytes

Landplants

Amoebozoans

Opisthokonts

Tubulinids(true amoeba)

Entamoebas

Slime molds

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Nucleariids

Fungi*
(Classification is not monophyletic.)

Choanoflagellates

Animals
(morphology based)

amitochondriate(no mitochondria)

2 nucleus per cell 4 flagella

parasitic lifestyle

amitochondriate(no mitochondria)

having "parabasal body"(specialized golgi complex) at basal body of flaggella and "axostyle" which is axial microtubule at the middle of the body

Kinetoplastid

Euglenid

having large mitochondria and group of circular DNA called "kinetoplast"

can be free-living feeding on bacteria or parasitic e.g. Trypanosoma brucei(African sickness disease)

having sac-like structure on one side of the cell called reservoir

mixotroph(photosynthesize in light condition, saprozoic feeding or osmotroph for the other)

chlorophyll a, c, and fucoxanthin as pigments

can reproduce both sexually and asexually

biflagellated cell

mixotroph

having carotenoid which gives gold color

able to photosynthesize via chlorophyll a, c and fucoxanthin gives brown color

structure

Blade(leaf-liked)

Strip(stem-liked)

Holdfast(root-liked)

Bladder

found only in some species. This allows blade to float and reach the light.

biflagellated cell

cellulose as membrane coating

parasitic lifestyle

apical complex structure at the head

e.g. Plasmodium spp.(malaria)

allow them to penetrate to host's tissue

cilia cover whole or some part of the body

some have cystotome(mouth-like structure)

having vestibule or buccal cavity

having two nucleus, macro- and micronucleus

e.g. Paramesium sp.

some have poisonous-needle called "trichocyst"

have symmetrical structure

having axopodium(as pseudopodium)

testate amoeba(hard shell)

having reticulopodia(as branched pseudopodium)

foram's shell has many pores which allows it to engulf food

it's shell is limestone or glycoprotein

secondary endosymbiosis

able to photosynthesize

having chlorophyll a, b and phycoerythin pigment(red)

type

unicellular

filamentous

Chlorella sp.

Chlymadomanous sp.

Oedogonium sp.

Spirogyra sp.

able to reproduce asexually

visible

Enteromorpha sp.

Ulva sp.

Chlorophyll a, b

starch as food storage

cellulosic cell wall(if cell wall exists)

multicellular green algae

e.g. stonewort (Chara sp.), Coleochaete sp.

Plasmodial

Cellular

having three stages of life

plasmodium(2n)

spore(n)

eating phase

having large cell and many nuclei

good condition

poor condition

tolerant sporangium form

swarm cell(n)

when meets the good condition again

euglenoid-like form

able to reproduce sexually

no cells aggregation to form a cell of many nucleus

reproduce sexually in tough condition by producing spore via meiosis

lobopodium(as pseudopodium)

unicellular heterotroph

causing disease in many vertebrates

e.g. Entamoeba histolytica (amoebic dysentery)

Nonvascular plants(Bryophytes)

Vascular plant

Lycophytes(Phylum Lycopodiaphyta)

Euphyliophytes

Monilophytes

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Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

Moss(Phylum Bryophyta)

Hornwort(Phylum Anthocerophyta)

Liverwort(Phylum Hepatophyta)

gametophyte: thalloid structure(เป็นแผ่น)

sporophyte

can reproduce asexually via gemma cup

epiphyte: attach to other plant but not act as parasites

sporangium

artheridiophore

antheridium

archegoniophore

archegonia

symbiosis with cyanobacteria within provided slimy hole

microphyll(lycophyll leaf)

type

Seleginella(Family Seleginellaceae: spike moss)

Quillwort(Family Isoetaceae: กระเทียมน้ำ)

Lycopodium(Family Lycopodiaceae: clubmoss)

Strobilus structure of sporophyll (spore production of the end of the leaf)

ช้องนางคลี่

หางสิงห์

สร้อยนางกรอง

microphyll 4แถว

กนก

ตีนตุ๊กแก

พ่อค้าตีเมีย

Heterospore

กระเทียมน้ำ

Horsetail(หญ้าถอดปล้อง)

Fern(เฟิร์น)

Whisk fern(หวายทะนอย)

e.g. Psilotum sp.

structure

Rhizoid(root-like structure)

appendage(scale-like leaf)

Rhizome(ลำต้นใต้ดิน)

Aerial stem(ลำต้นเหนือดิน)

Synangium(three fused sporangium)

homospore

Equisetum sp.

structure

Sporangiophore(ก้านชูstrobilus)+shield

Strobilus(umbrella form)

silica accumulation in the cell wall of epidermal cell(rough surface)

homospore

Scale-like leaf

structure

sporophyte

sorus(many sporangium)

type

circinate vernation

megaphyll leaf

gametophyte

prothallus

may have membrane covered called "indusium"

found both achegonium and antheridium

heart-like

homospore(except aquatic fern)

small fern

large fern

epiphyte

aquatic fern

เฟิร์นใบมะขาม

เฟิร์นใบก้านดำ

tree fern

กระเช้าสีดา

ผักกูด

ผักแว่น

แหนแดง

Ginkgo(Ginkgophyta)

Conifers (Phylum Coniferophyta)

cycad(Phylum Cycadophyta)

Gnetum (Phylum Gnetophyta)

isodichotomus branching (stem)

having secondary growth

flagellated sperm(unlike other seed plant)

dioecoius plant(แยกเพศในแต่ละต้น)

Ginkgo biloba

dichotomus branching(leaf vein)

dioecious plant (แยกเพศในแต่ละต้น)

pedunculated ovule(โอวุลบนก้านชู)

Monoecious

needle-like leaf

สนสามใบ

สนสองใบ

สนแดง

สนสามพันปี

พญาไม้

มะเมื่อย(Gnetum sp.)

มีdouble fertilization แต่ไม่มีendosperm

Ephedra sp.

มีvessel

Welwitschia sp.

Chytridiomycota

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Zygomycota

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Glomeromycota

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Ascomycota

Basidiomycota

flagellated zoospore

Mostly rely on asexual reproduction

aspeptate(Coenocytic) hypha

hypha(fiber structure)

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ascospore in ascus(sac)

Basidium(shape of club)

Basidiospore on basidium
(4 basidiospore per 1 basidium)

special type of spore called ""Blastopore"

aseptate(Coenocytic) hypha

sac fungi

septate hypha

conidium spore (at the end of hypha called conidiophore)

long dikaryotic stage

Parazoa

Eumetazoa

Phylum Cnidaria

Bilateria

Ecdysozoa

Deuterostomia

Lophotrochozoa

Phylum Porifera

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Phylum Mollusca

Phylum Annelida

Phylum Arthropoda

Phylum Nematoda

Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum Chordata

Criteria

Germ Layer

Coelom

Body Symmetry

Developmental Pattern

Tissue Level

Segmentation

Radial Symmetry

Bilateral

Class Cubozoa

Class Anthozoa

Class Scyphozoa

Class Hydrozoa

having nerve net

thin mesoglea

Thick mesoglea

no medusa phase

like class Scyphozoa but cube shape

e.g. hydra

Alternation of generation(polyp and medusa)

Incomplete digestive tract

/incomplete digestive tract(b ut having efficient food distribution system called divertculum)

having excretion structure called flame cell

nerve system: cerebral ganglion(head) , 2 longitudinal nerves cords and transverse nerves(resulted in ladder-type nervous system)

hermaphodite(but cross fertilization is needed except for tapeworm)

Class Turbellaria

Class Trematoda

Class Cestoda

e.g. Planaria

free-living

e.g. fluke

e.g. tapeworm

acoelomate

3 germ layers

structure

Prostosome

Mantle(Hard cover)

Visceral mass(internal organs)

Head and feet

in some specie, it reduces into internal hard organs such as pen in squid and cuttle bone in cuttlefish

having nephridium as excretion organ

nervous system: ganglion (with brain in squid group)

open circulatory system except in squid or octopus(these groups of species)

Class Polyplacophora

Class Gastropoda

Class Bivalvia

Class Scaphopoda

Class Cephalopoda

Chiton

Gastropods

Bivalve

tusk shell

No gills, breathe via mantle cavity

Nautilus(hard shell)

No hard shell squid/octopus etc.

protostome

having real segmentation(metamere)

having setae

metanephridia as excretion organ

nervous system: cerebral ganglia/brain, ventral nerve cord, segmental ganglia

Class Polychaeta

Class Oligochaeta

Class Hirudinea

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e.g. coral, sea anemone, กัลปังหา

polyp symbiosis with zooxanthellae

regeneration can occur