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Taxonomy (genetically classified) (Eubacteria (Proteobacteria (Gamma…
Taxonomy
(genetically classified)
Eukaryotes
EXCAVATA
Diplomonads
amitochondriate(no mitochondria)
2 nucleus per cell 4 flagella
parasitic lifestyle
Parabasalids
amitochondriate(no mitochondria)
having "parabasal body"(specialized golgi complex) at basal body of flaggella and "axostyle" which is axial microtubule at the middle of the body
Euglenozoans
Kinetoplastid
having large mitochondria and group of circular DNA called "kinetoplast"
can be free-living feeding on bacteria or parasitic e.g.
Trypanosoma brucei
(African sickness disease)
Euglenid
having sac-like structure on one side of the cell called reservoir
mixotroph(photosynthesize in light condition, saprozoic feeding or osmotroph for the other)
secondary endosymbiosis
SAR CLADE
Stramenopiles
Golden algae(chrystophyte)
biflagellated cell
mixotroph
having carotenoid which gives gold color
Brown algae(phaeophyte)
able to photosynthesize via chlorophyll a, c and fucoxanthin gives brown color
structure
Blade(leaf-liked)
Strip(stem-liked)
Holdfast(root-liked)
Bladder
found only in some species. This allows blade to float and reach the light.
Diatoms
chlorophyll a, c, and fucoxanthin as pigments
can reproduce both sexually and asexually
Alveolates
Dinoflagellates
biflagellated cell
cellulose as membrane coating
Apicomplexans
parasitic lifestyle
apical complex structure at the head
allow them to penetrate to host's tissue
e.g.
Plasmodium spp.
(malaria)
Ciliates
cilia cover whole or some part of the body
some have cystotome(mouth-like structure)
having vestibule or buccal cavity
having two nucleus, macro- and micronucleus
e.g.
Paramesium sp.
some have poisonous-needle called "trichocyst"
Rhizarians
Forams
having reticulopodia(as branched pseudopodium)
foram's shell has many pores which allows it to engulf food
it's shell is limestone or glycoprotein
Cercozoans
Radiolarians
have symmetrical structure
having axopodium(as pseudopodium)
testate amoeba(hard shell)
ARCHAEPLASTIDA
Red algae
able to photosynthesize
having chlorophyll a, b and phycoerythin pigment(red)
Green plant(Viridiplantae)
Chlorophytes
type
unicellular
Chlorella sp.
Chlymadomanous sp.
filamentous
Oedogonium sp.
Spirogyra sp.
able to reproduce asexually
visible
Enteromorpha sp.
Ulva sp.
Chlorophyll a, b
starch as food storage
cellulosic cell wall(if cell wall exists)
Streptophyte
Charophytes
multicellular green algae
e.g. stonewort (
Chara sp.
),
Coleochaete sp.
Landplants
Nonvascular plants(Bryophytes)
Moss(Phylum Bryophyta)
Hornwort(Phylum Anthocerophyta)
symbiosis with cyanobacteria within provided slimy hole
Liverwort(Phylum Hepatophyta)
gametophyte: thalloid structure(เป็นแผ่น)
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sporophyte
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Vascular plant
Lycophytes(Phylum Lycopodiaphyta)
epiphyte: attach to other plant but not act as parasites
microphyll(lycophyll leaf)
type
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Strobilus structure of sporophyll (spore production of the end of the leaf)
Euphyliophytes
Monilophytes
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UNIKONTA
Amoebozoans
Tubulinids(true amoeba)
lobopodium(as pseudopodium)
unicellular heterotroph
Entamoebas
causing disease in many vertebrates
e.g.
Entamoeba histolytica
(amoebic dysentery)
Slime molds
Plasmodial
having three stages of life
plasmodium(2n)
eating phase
having large cell and many nuclei
good condition
spore(n)
poor condition
tolerant sporangium form
swarm cell(n)
when meets the good condition again
euglenoid-like form
able to reproduce sexually
Cellular
no cells aggregation to form a cell of many nucleus
reproduce sexually in tough condition by producing spore via meiosis
Opisthokonts
Nucleariids
Fungi*
(Classification is not monophyletic.)
Chytridiomycota
flagellated zoospore
Mostly rely on asexual reproduction
Zygomycota
aspeptate(Coenocytic) hypha
Glomeromycota
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hypha(fiber structure)
Choanoflagellates
Animals
(morphology based)
Parazoa
Phylum Porifera
Eumetazoa
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Cubozoa
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Class Anthozoa
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Class Scyphozoa
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Class Hydrozoa
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having nerve net
Alternation of generation(polyp and medusa)
Incomplete digestive tract
Bilateria
Ecdysozoa
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Deuterostomia
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Lophotrochozoa
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Criteria
Germ Layer
Coelom
Body Symmetry
Radial Symmetry
Bilateral
Developmental Pattern
Tissue Level
Segmentation
Archea
Euryarcheota
Extreme thermophile
Crenacheaota
Acidophlie
Extreme Halophile
e.g. methanogen
Nanoarcheota
SCA Clone1/ Marine Lineage
Koracheaota
Eubacteria
Chlamydias
e.g.
Chlamydia trachomatis
Thin peptidoglycan
Spirochaetes
Have rotation via flagellum-like filament(axial filament)
Most are free-living but some(such as
Treponema pallidum
-- syphillis)can cause diseases
Cyanobacteria
able to photosynthesize
e.g.
Oscillatoria sp. , Nostoc sp.
Many species can fix nitrogen into usable form for plants such as
Anabaena sp.
with
Azolla sp.
Gram-positive Bacteria
Thick peptidoglycan except mycoplasma
e.g. actinomyces(fungus-like bacteria)
Streptomycus sp.
(used for antibiotics extraction)
lactic acid bacteria,
Streptococci
(sore throat)
Staphylactococci
( such as
S. aureus
skin infection)
Proteobacteria
Gamma
Most are photoautotroph e.g.
Thiomagarita namibensis
e.g.
Escherichia coli
,
Salmonella sp.
Delta
(Myoxobacteria)
able to secrete mucus
e.g.
Chondromyces crocatus, Mtxococcus xanthus
Beta
e.g.
Nitrosomanas sp.
(Nitrification ammonium to nitrite)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(Gonorrhea)
Epsilon
Main group of bacteria which causes diseases in animals and human
e.g.
Helicobacter pylori
(stomach inflammation),
Campylabacter sp.
(Intestine inflammation , ติดเชื้อในกระแสเลือด septicemia)
alpha
Most rely on symbiosis e.g.
Rhisobium sp.
Some cause problems e.g.
Ricketta sp.
(Typhus)
Agrobacterium sp.