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Societies and Empires Of Africa (Stateless Society (Age-Set System (Young…
Societies and Empires Of Africa
Stateless Society
Stateless societies, did not have a centralized system of power.
Instead they had lineage so not one family had control.
Other people like Ibo from Southern Nigeria lived in a stateless society
Balance
Lineage
- believes they are
descendants of a common ancestor
Q: How is lineage important to stateless societies?
A:Besides its living members, a lineage includes past generations and future generations.
A: These members feel strong and loyal to one another. The power was divided equally.
Tracing Family Descent
The way they can trace is determined on possessions
and property passed on
Patrilineal
society, trace their ancestors through their fathers
Inheritance passes from father to son.
Matrilineal
society, children trace their ancestors
Matrilineal culture inherit land and wealth from their mother’s family.
Age-Set System
Young people form close ties to individuals outside their lineage language through the age-set system
An age-set consist of young people within a region who are born during a certain time period
Igbo use the age-set system to teach discipline to the youth
Culture
Q: How would a conflict between youngest cousins be resolved?
A: The Age-Set system was made for young people during a period.Conflicts would be solved by elders.
Stateless Society
Muslim States
Societies developed in the southern part of Sahara
In 632: Muslims went across the northwest part of the continent
They converted people by the sword of conquest and by peace
In 670: Muslims ruled Egypt
Maghrib: In North America, Mediterranean coast of Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco
Islam was spreading so some African rulers converted to Islam
African Muslim rulers based their government on Islamic Law
Muslims belief: God's law higher authority than human law
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Identity
Entered Maghrib
In North America: Islam was very important
Change
http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/islam-in-america/
Islamic Law
Following the law is a religious obligation in Islam
For Muslims: personal life and religion had no separation
Islamic Law regulates everything
Muslims had different ethnic and cultural differences
Including different schools, interpretations, and of Islamic Law
In North America Islamic Law still has an impact to this day
Berbers were independent mountain/desert dwellers
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Values & Beliefs
Also helped keep order to Muslim States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_11th-century_Muslim_history
Religion
Almoravid Reformers
11th century: Muslim reformers founded the Almoravid Empire
Members came from a Sahara Berber group
Berber muslims made a haji to Mecca
Muslim scholar from Morocco returned to teach about Islam
Almoravids: Strict religious brotherhood
Became known as "people of the ribat" aka al-Murabitun
Lead to the name Almoravid
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribat
Lived in a ribat (Fortified Monastery)
Scholar was: Abd Allah Ibn Yasin
Cooperation
(Present day Mauritania)
Leadership
Almohads Take Over
Mid 1100s: Almohads seized power from Almoravids
Almohads: Began as a religious movement in Atlas Mountains of Morocco
Almohads followed Ibn Tumart's teachings
Suppose to obey to teachings of the Qur'ran and Islamic law
Abd al-Mumin & Almohads wanted to throw Almoravids
1148: Almohads controlled most of Morocco
Marrakech still is the capital.
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End of Almoravid rule
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia
Link Title
Leadership
Hunting-Gathering Societies
Forest Dwellers/The Efe
Live in the Ituri Forest in groups of 10-100 who are all related
Trade with local villages
Trade
The Efe are somewhat nomadic because they are following food, they live in straw shelters and carry few possessions
Q: To what might the Efe attribute their long success as a hunting-gathering society?
A: The Efe have been so successful because of their smart hunting tactics and social system.
Oldest form of social organization began in Africa.
Hunting and gathering societies still exist today in Africa.
Social Structure
Group members settle arguments through long discussions
If conflicts cant be settled by talking the groups would move apart.
There is no formal written laws
Q: What feature of the Efe Social Structure is most like that of a democratic society?
A: They have a kind of supreme court. That they all decide about one thing. Also they kind of have like mayors and governors.
Social System
A respected older male typically served as group leader
His voice is only an opinion he is not a "chief" each family has free choice
https://www.britannica.com/place/Ituri-Forest
