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Skeletal System (Anatomy of Long Bone (spongy bone (small pieces in…

- - - - flat bones, occurs in connective tissue membrane
    - - in embryos, cartilage replaced by bone
  - - - mature bone cells
    - - bone forming cells
    - - bone destroying cells
  - - - stimulates epiphyseal plate closure
    - - plate closure
    - - inhibits osteoclasts, stimulates osteoblasts
    - - stimulates osteoclasts
- - - - suture
      - distal end of tibia
      - fibula
  - - - intervertebral disc
      - pubic symphisis
  - - - tibia
      - femur
- - - - Inflammatory conditions
        
        bursitis
        
        inflammation of bursa from blow/friction
        
        tendonitis
        
        inflammation of tendon sheath
  - - - osteoarthritis
        
        most common
        
        related to aging, trauma, or repetitive motion
      - rheumatoid arthritis
        
        autoimmune disease
        
        bilateral inflammation of joints
        
        leads to deformities
      - gouty arthritis
        
        inflammation is caused by deposition of urate crystals from blood
        
        can be controlled with diet, limited alcohol
- - - - clavicle/collarbone
        
        attaches upper limbs to sternum
      - scapula/shoulder blade
        
        attaches upper limb to back of shoulder
    - - Upper
        
        humerus/upper arm
        
        attached to scapula proximally & ulna distally
        
        Forearm
        
        ulna
        
        medially attached to wrist bones
        
        radius
        
        laterally attached to wrist bones
        
        Hand
        
        carpals/wrist bones
        
        metacarpals/palm
        
        phalanges/fingers
      - Lower Limbs
        
        thigh/femur
        
        attached to coxal proximally
        
        tibia/shinbone
        
        weight-bearing bone attached to tarsal medially
        
        fibula
        
        lateral to little toe, not weight-bearing
        
        Foot
        
        tarsals/ankle bones
        
        metatarsals/soles
        
        phalanges/toes
        
        calcaneus/heel
        
        talus
  - - - Cranium/head
        
        frontal/forehead
        
        parietal/top sides of head
        
        temporal/temple
      - Face
        
        maxilla/upper jaw
        
        mandible/jaw
        
        zygomatic/cheek
        
        nasal/nose
        
        palatine/roof of mouth
        
        lacrimal/inner eye socket
        
        inferior conchae/wall of nose
        
        vomer/middle of nose cavity
    - - cervical/neck
      - atlas/ring
      - axis/dens
      - thoracic/upper back
      - lumbar/lower back
      - sacrum
      - coccyx/tailbone
    - - true ribs
        
        first 7 pairs
      - false ribs
        
        next 5 ribs
      - floating ribs
        
        last 2 ribs