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Chapter 10 Photosynthesis (Concept 10.1: Photosynthesis Converts Light…
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis
The Process That Feeds the Biosphere
Life on Earth is solar powered
Plants & other photosynthetic organisms (phototrophs) contain organelles called chloroplasts
Capture light energy convert it to chemical energy
Photosynthesis nourishes almost entire living world, directly or indirectly
2 Major modes
Autotrophic nutrition (autotrophs/self-feeders)
Sustain themselves w/out eating anything from other organisms
Almost all plants are autotrophs
produce organic molecules from CO2 & other inorganic molecules
Only nutrients required
Water & minerals (from soil)
CO2 (from air)
Producers of Biosphere
Heterotrophic nutrition
Obtain organic material from other organisms
Some eat other living organisms (other-feeding)
Consumers of the Bioshpere
Decomposers, consume dead organic material or feces (decomposition)
Fungi
Prokaryotes
Occurs in plants, algae, certain other unicellular eukaryotes
Almost all heterotrophs, including humans, depend on photoautotrophs for food and O2
fossil fuels are being consumed faster than replenished
Earth's supply of fossil fuels formed from remains of dead organisms hundreds of millions years ago
Research using photosynthetic processes to produce alternative fuel
Concept 10.1: Photosynthesis Converts Light Energy to the Chemical Energy of Food
Ability of organism to use light energy to drive photosynthesis, emerges from structural organization in cell
Photosynthetic enzymes & other molecules grouped together in biological membrane
Enables necessary series of chemical reactions to be carried out efficiently
Chloroplasts are structurally similar to & likely evolved from photosynthetic bacteria
The structural organization of these organelles allows for the chemical reactions of photosynthesis
Chloroplasts present in a variety of photosynthesizing organisms
Chloroplasts: the site of photosynthesis in plants
All green parts of a plant have chloroplast
Leaves: major sites of photosynthesis
Structures of a Leaf
Organ made of cells (
mesophyll
cells)
Mesophyll
cells have chloroplast (
thylakoid
in chloroplast)
Stomata
Pores that open & close
Bottom of the leaf (so water doesn't evaporate & leaf dry out)
O2 goes in, CO2 comes out
Open mostly at night
Stroma
dense fluid surrounding chloroplast
Thylakoids
sacs that make up a 3rd membrane system in the stroma
Chlorophyll
green pigment that gives leaves their color
H2O is absorbed by the roots, delivered to leaves through veins
Photosynthesis: 2 parts
Light Reaction
Light and water go in, O2 comes out
Happens in thylakoids
During daylight hours
Calvin Cycle (dark cycle/carbon cycle)
Happens in Stroma
CO2 goes in, CH2O (sugar) comes out
Can happen anytime of day (w/ or w/out light)
