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Aaliyah CoronadoSkeletal System (Name of all Bones (Frontal, Maxilla,…
Aaliyah CoronadoSkeletal System
Type Of Bones
Short bone
Examples: carpals, tarsals, patella
Flat bone
Examples: Skull bones, mandible, ribs, and sternum
Long bone
Examples: femur, humerus, radius, ulna
Irregular bone
Examples: vertebrae and hips
Anatomy of Long Bone
Long portion is the diaphysis (shaft)
Epiphysis is at the end of the bone, it is mostly spongy bone.
The epiphyseal plate is a flat plate of hyaline cartilage that separates epiphysis and diaphysis
Periosteum covers the outside of diaphysis
Sharpey's fibers secure periosteum
Compact bone is the outer layer of the long bone which also includes diaphysis
Spaces contain red marrow and yellow marrow
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone
Osteon (Haversian System)-Unit of bone
Central (Haversian) Canal- carries blood vessels and nerve
Perforating (Volkmans Canal)-canal perpendicular to the central canal carries blood vessels and nerves
Lacunae- cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes)
Lamallae-rings around the central cavity sites of lacunae
Canaliculi-tiny canals radiating from lacunae
Bone Remodeling
Ossification is the process of bone formation
Intramembranous ossification-occurs directly in connective tissue membranes flat bones in skull mandible,ribs, and clavicles fontanels-soft spots-still membrane
Endochondral Ossification- in embryos, skeleton is primarily hyaline cartilage during development much of this cartilage is replaced by bone most common method occurs in long short and irregular bones
Epiphyseal Plates allow for growth of long bone during childhood
Bone is continually being broken down and changed in shape
Bone Fracture Repair
A break or a crack in a bone
Can be caused by high levels of stress, impact, or pressure on healthy bones
Types of Bone fractures:
Closed Fracture- break that does not break the skin
Open Fracture-broken bone penetrates through skin
Comminuted Fracture- bone is broken into more that 3 pieces can occur in both healthy and diseased bone or bones of elderly
Compressed- bone is crushed and collapsed on itself
Depressed Fracture- bone is pressed inward or dented in
Impacted fracture- bone broken is forced into each other
Spiral- ragged break from a twisting force applied to bone
Joints
holds bones together and allows mobility
Fibrous Joints-bones united by fibrous tissue example is the suture which holds the skull together
Cartilaginous Joints- bones connected by cartilage
Synovial Joints uses hyaline cartilage and are enclosed by a fibrous articular cartilage
Types of Synovial Joints:
Plane Joint- articular cartilage are essentially flat short slipping and gliding movements examples are in the untercarpal joint of wrist
Hinge Joint- cylindrical end of bone fits into trough shaped surface angular movement in one plane examples are in the elbow or knee joint
Pivot- rounded end of one bone fits into ring of bone
Condlyloid Joint- edd shaped bone fits into oval concavity
Differences in Male and Female Pelvis
All together the weight of the female pelvis is lighter than a male pelvis
The shape of the female pelvis is wider
The male pelvis is longer in height and more narrow
The shape of the female Ilia is more flared out while the males ilia is less flared out and more pointy
The pubic arch angle is wide and shaped like a U unlike the male pubic arch which is more shaped as a V
The Pelvic inlet of the female is a circle and male is heart shaped
The sacrum of a male is more arched and narrow while the female is shorter and wider
Synovial Joint Movements
Types of Synovial Joints:
Plane Joint- articular cartilage are essentially flat short slipping and gliding movements examples are in the untercarpal joint of wrist
Provides gliding movement
Hinge Joint- cylindrical end of bone fits into trough shaped surface angular movement in one plane examples are in the elbow or knee joint
Angular movements
Pivot- rounded end of one bone fits into ring of bone
Moves by ringing around which allows circular motion
Condlyloid Joint- egg shaped bone fits into oval concavity
Bone Disorders
Osteoporosis-low bone density which is weak bones causing the bone to break easily
Osteogenesis imperfecta makes your bones brittle.
Paget's disease of bone makes them weak
Many disorders are often genetic
Cancer may also occur in bone
Name of all Bones
Frontal
Maxilla
Temporal
Ribs
Nasal
Sternum
Occipital
Vertabrae
Zygomatic
Pectoral Girdle
Parietal
Humerus
Mandible
Ulna
Cranium
Radius
CArpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Coxal bone
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Calcaneus