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Cardiac Failure (inability of heart to meet metabolic demands (reduced CO,…
Cardiac Failure
inability of heart to meet metabolic demands
reduced CO
RV heave
displaced apex
cardiomegaly
narrow pulse pressure
cyanosis
decreased bp
pleural effusion
Kerley B lines
alveolar oedema (bats wings)
dilated prominent upper lobe vessels
Left Ventricular Failure
Dyspnoea
poor exercise tolerance
orthopnoea
fatigue
PND
wheeze
nocturia
cold peripheries
weight loss
chest crackles
S3 and 4
Chronic Heart Failure
lifestyle changes
maintain oedema free
fluid and salt restriction
ACE-i
beta-blockers
Acute Heart Failure
sit patient up
oxygen, morphine, SL nitroglycerine
IV loop diuretic
systolic failure
ventricles fail to contract
decreased CO
EF <40%
causes
MI
IHD
cardiomyopathy
diastolic failure
ven fail to relax and fill
increased filling pressure
EF>50%
causes
ventricular hypertrophy
constrictive pericarditis
Right Ventricular Failure
causes
LVF
pulmonary stenosis
lung disease (cor pulmonale)
symptoms
peripheral oedema
ascites
nausea
anorexia
facial engorgement
epistaxis
elevated JVP
hepatomegaly
often many years after MI
together
congestive heart failure
