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Fungi (Role in the ecosystem (Decomposer (Recycle chemic elements…

- - - - Lichen (example) : association between algae and fungi
- - - - release of pheromone from to different fungi
        
        Steps (look at the figure) : plasmogamy (cytoplasmic fusion), caroygamy (nuclear fusion) produce diploids cells, diploids cells enter in meiosis and become haploid spores
    - - possible for a lot of fungi through filament producing haploids spores (mold) or create unicellular yeast
- - - - Decomposer
        
        Non living
      - Parasite
        
        to the detriment of living hosts
      - Mutualist
        
        Living hosts but benificial for both of them
        
        mycorhizae
        
        Specialized Hyphae (or haustorium) Almost all vascular plants have mycorrhizae!
        
        Eumycota ectomycorrhizal: envelope of hyphae around the root and grow in extracellular spaces of the bark
        
        Eumycetes arbuscular mycorrhizal: their hyphae penetrate the cells walls of the root cells and the tubes formed by the intussusception (turning inwards) of the membrane of the root cell
        
        mycorrhizal : Mutualiste association between those fungis and the roots of the vegetal
      - Mycellium: maximize the surface to volume ratio and exploring new territory
        
        Hyphae
        
        Tubular wall that surrounds the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane here no cellulose but CHITINE that strengthens
        
        septate hyphae
        
        Vegetative hyphae, non reproductive
        
        Cells divided by septa with pores allowing the circulation of mitochondrial ribosomes. Even the nuclei can go from one cell to another
        
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        coenocytic hyphae
        
        coenotytic or siphon
        
        Cytoplasmic mass consisting of many nuclei resulting from division without cytokinesis
        
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      - Secretion of hydrolytic enzymes
        
        How? Why? : :star:to go across the cell membran of other organisms and to absorb the nutriments of those cells
        
        Purpose :can absorb nutriments, use or stock under the form of glycogen
- - - - Ancestral Division: Chytrids
      - One of the first colonisateur of the ground
      - Animals (and their close protistan relatives)