Muscular system Julianna Soto Period 2

Muscles , location and actions.

Functions of muscular system

3 types of muscle tissue and functions

Body movement and terminology

Organization levels and structure

Muscle contractions

Disorders

Smooth

Skeletal

Cardiac

forms organs such as the stomach and bladder changes to shape and facilitate bodily functions

moves bones and other structures.

contracts the heart to pump blood.

found in the walls of hollow organs throughout the body.

found only in the myocardium, contracts in response to signals from the cardiac conduction system to make the heart beat.

Myofibril

Sarcomere

Muscle fiber

Myofilament or filament

Fascicle

Muscle organ

contractile unit, composed of myofilaments made up of proteins

contractile elements,occupy most of muscle cell volume and composed of sarcomeres end to end.

elongated multi nucleate cell;banded (striated) appearance

discrete bundle of muscle cells, segregated from the rest of the muscle by the connective sheath

hundreds of thousands of muscle cells;connective tissue wrapping,blood vessels and nerve fibers

thick and thin filaments; thick are bundled myosin molecules;thin filaments contain actin molecules.

covered externally by the epimysium

surrounded by perimysium

surrounded by endomysium

Characteristics

Contractility

Extensibility

Excitability/ Responsiveness

antagonists

synergists

Prime mover/agonist

Major muscle, which fleshes out the anterior chests and inserts on the humerus

muscle that opposes,reverse can cause to stretch or remain relaxed; helps regulate the action of prime mover

one or more; helps prime movers by adding a little extra force or by reducing undesirable movement

circulation

respiration

mobility

digestion

urination

stability

skeletal muscles are responsible for the movements

Smooth and skeletal muscles make up the urinary system

skeletal muscles in core helps protect spine and help with stability

involuntary cardiac and smooth muscles helps heart beat and blood flow through body by producing electrical impulses

diaphragm is the main muscle

anaerobic

consists of no oxygen

aerobic

consists of oxygen

smooth muscle

Muscle fiber excitation

Excitation contraction coupling

Events at the neuromuscular junction

cross bridge cycling

Biceps brachii

Fibularis Longus

Rectus femoris

Flexor carpi radialis

Myopathy

Myotonic dystrophy

Myofascial pain syndrome

Strain

Myalgia

Tetanus

Fibromyalgia

pain caused by tightened band or striated postural muscles

Disease of muscle

pulled muscle (overuse,abused)

gradual reduction in muscle mass

sustained contraction of muscle

chronic inflammation of muscles

muscle pain resulting from any muscle disorder

motor neuron releases ACh that stimulates the skeletal muscle fiber causing depolarization.

EPP triggers action potential that travels across the entire sarcolemma

ATP tubules cause release of Ca which triggers contraction.

Muscle contracts that cause myofilaments to slide relative to each other

flex the fingers and the hand at the wrist

The biceps brachii flexes the forearm, whereas the triceps brachii extends it.

longest fibula

muscle fascicles ; straight femur

Flexion

Decreasing the angle between two bones

Circumduction

Movement in a circular or cone-shaped motion