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Muscular system Julianna Soto Period 2 (Disorders (Myopathy (Disease of…
Muscular system Julianna Soto Period 2
Muscles , location and actions.
Biceps brachii
The biceps brachii flexes the forearm, whereas the triceps brachii extends it.
Fibularis Longus
longest fibula
Rectus femoris
muscle fascicles ; straight femur
Flexor carpi radialis
flex the fingers and the hand at the wrist
Flexion
Decreasing the angle between two bones
Circumduction
Movement in a circular or cone-shaped motion
Functions of muscular system
circulation
involuntary cardiac and smooth muscles helps heart beat and blood flow through body by producing electrical impulses
respiration
diaphragm is the main muscle
anaerobic
consists of no oxygen
aerobic
consists of oxygen
mobility
skeletal muscles are responsible for the movements
digestion
smooth muscle
urination
Smooth and skeletal muscles make up the urinary system
stability
skeletal muscles in core helps protect spine and help with stability
3 types of muscle tissue and functions
Smooth
forms organs such as the stomach and bladder changes to shape and facilitate bodily functions
found in the walls of hollow organs throughout the body.
Skeletal
moves bones and other structures.
Cardiac
contracts the heart to pump blood.
found only in the myocardium, contracts in response to signals from the cardiac conduction system to make the heart beat.
Characteristics
Contractility
Extensibility
Excitability/ Responsiveness
Body movement and terminology
antagonists
muscle that opposes,reverse can cause to stretch or remain relaxed; helps regulate the action of prime mover
synergists
one or more; helps prime movers by adding a little extra force or by reducing undesirable movement
Prime mover/agonist
Major muscle, which fleshes out the anterior chests and inserts on the humerus
Organization levels and structure
Myofibril
contractile elements,occupy most of muscle cell volume and composed of sarcomeres end to end.
Sarcomere
contractile unit, composed of myofilaments made up of proteins
Muscle fiber
elongated multi nucleate cell;banded (striated) appearance
surrounded by endomysium
Myofilament or filament
thick and thin filaments; thick are bundled myosin molecules;thin filaments contain actin molecules.
Fascicle
discrete bundle of muscle cells, segregated from the rest of the muscle by the connective sheath
surrounded by perimysium
Muscle organ
hundreds of thousands of muscle cells;connective tissue wrapping,blood vessels and nerve fibers
covered externally by the epimysium
Muscle contractions
Muscle fiber excitation
EPP triggers action potential that travels across the entire sarcolemma
Excitation contraction coupling
ATP tubules cause release of Ca which triggers contraction.
Events at the neuromuscular junction
motor neuron releases ACh that stimulates the skeletal muscle fiber causing depolarization.
cross bridge cycling
Muscle contracts that cause myofilaments to slide relative to each other
Disorders
Myopathy
Disease of muscle
Myotonic dystrophy
gradual reduction in muscle mass
Myofascial pain syndrome
pain caused by tightened band or striated postural muscles
Strain
pulled muscle (overuse,abused)
Myalgia
muscle pain resulting from any muscle disorder
Tetanus
sustained contraction of muscle
Fibromyalgia
chronic inflammation of muscles