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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (HEART (Conduction system (AV node (Delay signal…

- - - - Location
        
        - Stained irregular lines
        - At 90 degrees to the striped sarcomeric pattern.
      - Function
        
        Fascia asherens - desmosome-like structions
        
        Gap junctions - electrical signals pass from one cell to the next
  - - - Atrioventricular valves
        
        Tricuspid/ Right atrioventricular valve
        
        Bicuspid / Mitral/Left atrioventricular valve
      - Semilunar valves
        
        Pulmonary semilunar valve
        
        Aortic semilunar valve
    - - Open: allow blood flow
        
        Close: prevent to backflow of blood
        
        2 atrioventricular valves: prevent backflow of blood into atria during contraction of ventricles.
        
        2 semilunar valves: prevent backflow of blood from great arteries into ventricles.
  - - - - Muscle - spiral shape
        - Helps squeeze blood out
    - - - Lines heart
        - Covers valves
        - Simple squamous epithelium + areolar C.T
    - - - Visceral pericardium
        - Serous membrane - simple squamous epithelium + areolar C.T
  - - - Delay signal while ventricles fill with blood
    - - Bundle of His
        
        Connects atria to ventricle
    - - Conduct impulses through interventricular septum
    - - Stimulates contractile cells of both ventricles
    - - "Pace maker"
        
        In right atrium
        
        Generate electrical signal
        
        Atria contract - using gap junction to spread signal
        
        Signal to AV node
  - - - - Structure: Simple squamous epithelium + areolar connective tissue
      - - Parietal layer
      - - Visceral layer
    - - Structure
        
        Serous fluid (from serous membrane)
      - Function
        
        - Slippery
        - Lubricating
    - - Structure
        
        - Dense irregular connective tissue
      - Function
        
        - Keeps heart in place
        - Keeps heart from overfilling
      - Location
        
        - From diaphragm to roots of large vessels
- - - - "Window" - pores
        
        More leaky
        
        High rates of exchange
        
        Small intestine, kidney, choroid plexus, endocrine glands.
    - - Large, winding
        
        Exchanges things large: proteins, whole cells
        
        Liver, red bone marrow, spleen
    - - Most common
        
        CNS, lungs, skin, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle
        
        Least - leaky
  - - - Lower blood pressure
        
        Fewer elastic fibers than artery
    - - Much like capillaries
        
        Some exchange
        
        1-2 layers of smooth muscle
  - - - Vessel carry blood away from heart
    - - Muscular/distributing arteries
        
        For its size, has more muscle than other arteries
        
        Take blood to organs / parts of organs
      - Arterioles
        
        1-2 layers of smooth muscle.
        
        Changing diameter to regulate blood flow
      - Elastic/Conducting arteries
        
        Move large amounts of blood
        
        Elastic fibers - stretch + recoil - propel blood forward
        
        Aorta / larger branches of aorta; pulmonary trunk
- - - - Antibodies - protect us from pathogens
        
        Transporters
    - - Involved in blood clotting
    - - Keep water in blood vessels
  - - - Neutrophil
        
        Eosinophil
        
        Basophil
        
        Lymphocyte
        
        Monocyte
    - - Bags of hemoglobin - binds O2 & contains iron
        
        Created in red bone marrow
        
        Transport oxygen
    - - Pieces cytoplasma of a larger cell - megakaryocyte
        
        Stop bleeding + clot information