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muscular system Julia Marousek P.2 (body movement terminology (refer to…
muscular system Julia Marousek P.2
major functions of muscular
generate heat (maintain homeostasis)
maintain posture and body position
produce movement
stabilize joints
3 types of muscle tissues & their major
functions/characteristics
cardiac
end to end by transverse thickening of plasma membrane
heart
smooth muscle
walls of digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive organs
move food, urine and respiratory passageways
skeletal
attached to bones
motion, posture
body movement terminology (refer to your skeletal system notes)
adduction
movement along frontal plane, toward middle
abduction
movement along frontal plane, away from middle
circumduction
involves extension, abduction, and flexion of the middle
extension
increase angle of joint
rotation
turn bone around own long axis
flexion
decrease angle of joint
medial
rotate towards middle
pronation
palms face posteriorly
lateral
rotate away from middle
dorsiflexion
bending foot toward shin
supination
palms face anteriorly
hyperextension
movement beyond anatomical position
plantar flexion
pointing toes
structure and organizational levels of the skeletal muscle
muscle
has 100's- 1000's of muscle cells
movement, but it also helps stabilize joints
fascicle
bundle of structures
muscle fibers
multinudeate cell has banded appearance
myofibril
cylindrical bundle of contractile filaments
sacromere
segment of myofibril
striated appearance of skeletal muscle, forms basic machinery
myofilament
constructed from proteins
physiology of muscle contraction
sliding filament theory
muscle contraction starts in the brain where signals are sent along the motor neuron
impulse travels down the membrane and into the transverse tubules where it causes calcium to be released from sarcoplasmic reticulum
calcium binds to a structure on the actin that causes it to change shape.
energy from ATP is used to create a "power stroke" between two filaments.
the change in shape allows myosin heads to form cross-bridges between the actin and the myosin
disorders associated with the
Muscular system
fibromyalgia
chronic inflammation of muscles
caused by genetics, physical or emotional trauma, or infection
myalgia
muscle pain syndrome
overused, injured
myopathy
disease of muscle tissue
muscle injury due to inherited diseases, medicine
hernia
protrusion of organ through body cavity walls
mutation in CNBP gene
myosonic dystrophy
gradual reduction in muscle tissue
names of all the muscles
anterior
external oblique
orbicularis oris
tibialis anterior
sartorius
fibularis longus
gradlis
vastus medials
lliopsoas pectineus
transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis
vastus lateralis
biceps brachii
pecttoralis major
rectus femorls
flexor carpi radialis
brachicradialis
stemocleidomastoid
zygomatious
orbicularis oculi
posterior
laissimus dorsi
external oblique
triceps brachii
gluteus medius
deltoid
gluteal maximus
trapezius
adductor magnus
epicranium
bicep femoris
fibularis longus
temporalis
semitendinosus