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Cardiovascular system (Heart (layers of heart wall (epicardium(visceral…
Cardiovascular system
Heart
Pericardial membranes
fibrous pericardium - covers heart, sac, dense irregular connective tissue, tough, located from diaphragm to roots of large vessels, keeps heart in place, and keeps heart from over flowing with blood
serous pericardium- 2 layers Parietal (not on organ) & visceral (on organ) both membranes made of simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue
layers of heart wall
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endocardium- lines the heart & covers valves, simple squamous epithelium
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Heart valves
Pulmonary semilunar valve, atriasemilunar valve
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"LUB-DUB" (lub=closing of atrioventricular valves, dub=closing of semilunar valves)
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Blood
plasma
extracellular matrix- 90% water, more than 100 different molecules in plasma- ions, minerals, vitamins, hormones, nutrients.
cells
erythrocytes- red blood cell, contain hemoglobin, lose many organelles including nucleus before releasing them into the blood stream- biconcave, increasing surface space, easier to give and take 02
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Thrombocytes=platelets : not cells, pieces of cytoplasm from megakarocyte- involved in blood clotting
Blood vessels
Artery types
elastic artery- (conducting) move blood away from heart, largest, proximal to heart, aorta, & major branches stretch and recoil- propel blood forward.
muscular arteries- (distributing) more muscle relative size than other arteries, take blood to organs & parts of organs, distal to elastic arteries
arterioles- smallest arteries, 1-2 layers of smooth muscle, can constrict or dilate
Capillary types
Continous- most common, CNS, skin, lungs, smooth and skeletal muscles, intercellular clefts- kind of leaky
fenestrated- "windows"(pores), located in places we want a high rate of exchange-small intestine, kidney, choroid plexus, endocrine glands
sinusoid- large, winding, large items can pass through (proteins, whole cells) located; red bone marrow- liver, spleen
vein types
venules- smallest veins much like capillaries, 1-2 layers of smooth muscle
vein- have valves, less elastic