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Muscular system, Lourdes Llamas, Period 1 (Names of all the muscles (Thigh…
Muscular system, Lourdes Llamas, Period 1
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Disorders
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Myotonic dystrophy- A form of muscular dystrophy that is less common than DMD; in the U.S. it affects about 14 of 100,000 people.
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Spasm- A sudden, involuntary twitch in smooth or skeletal muscle ranging from merely irritating to very painful; may be due to chemical imbalances.
Hernia- Protrusion of an organ through its body cavity wall. Caused by heavy lifting or obesity and subsequent muscle weakening.
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Fibromyalgia- A group of conditions involving chronic inflammation of muscles, their connective tissue coverings and tendons, and capsules of nearby joints.
Tetanus- (1) a state of sustained contraction of a muscle that is a normal aspect of skeletal muscle functioning. (2) An acute infectious disease caused by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani resulting in persistent muscle spasms.
3 types of muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle- Occurs only in the heart, where it constitutes the bulk of the heart walls. Cells are striated and not voluntary.
Smooth muscle- Found in the walls of hollow visceral organs, such as the stomach, urinary bladder, and respiratory passages. It's role is to force fluids and other substances through internal body channels. Consists of elongated cells, but has no striations. The smooth muscle is also involuntary.
Skeletal muscle-organs that attach to and cover the skeleton. Skeletal muscle fibers are the longest muscle cells and have obvious striations. Muscle is voluntary because it is the only type subject to conscious control. Responsible for overall body mobility.
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Muscle contraction (Sliding filament theory)- states that during contraction, thin filaments slide past the thick filaments so that the actin and myosin overlap to a greater degree.
Muscle fiber excitation- The EPP triggers an action potential that travels across the entire sarcolemma.
Events at the neuromuscluar junction - The motor neuron releases ACh that stimulates the skeletal muscle fiber, causing a local depolarization (decrease in membrane potential) called an end plate potential.
Cross bridge cycling- The muscle contracts as a result of a repeating cycle of steps that cause myofilaments to slide relative to eachother.
Excitation-contraction coupling- The AP in the sarcolemma propagates along the T tubules and causes release of calcium from the terminal cisterns of the SR.Calcium is the final trigger for contraction. Calcium binds to troponin and this causes the myosin-binding sites on actin to be exposed so that myosin heads can bind to actin.
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