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Melissa Armendarez P.2 Muscular System (names of all the muscles front,…
Melissa Armendarez P.2 Muscular System
Major Functions
Movement
When muscles contract, they contribute to gross and fine movement
Posture
Skeletal muscles help keep the body in the correct position when someone is sitting or standing
Stabilize our joints
Muscle tendons stretch over joints and contribute to joint stability
core muscles are those in the abdomen, back, and pelvis
Generate heat
Muscles in the blood vessels also contract to maintain body heat
When body heat falls below optimal levels, the skeletal muscles increase their activity to make heat
Body Movement Terminology
Rotation
can occur within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint
Circumduction
movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body region being moved stays relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle
Flexion
anterior (forward) bending of the neck or body
Extension
involves a posterior-directed motion, such as straightening from a flexed position or bending backward
Abduction
moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body
Adduction
opposing movement that brings the limb toward the body or across the midline
pronation
forearm motion that moves the palm of the hand from the palm forward to the palm backward position
movement in the coronal plane that moves a limb medially toward or across the midline of the body; bringing fingers together
supination
forearm motion that moves the palm of the hand from the palm backward to the palm forward position
names of all the muscles front
Head
Temporalis
Masseter
Facial
Epicranius, frontal belly
Orbicularis oculi
Zygomaticus
Orbicularis Oris
Neck
platysma
Sernohyoid
Sternocleidomastoid
Shoulder
Trapezius
Deltoid
Thorax
Pectorallis Minor
pectoralis major
serratus anterior
intercostals
arm
triceps brachii
biceps brachii
brachialis
abdomen
rectus abdominis
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis
forearm
Pronator teres
brachioradialis
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
Pelvis/thigh
lliopsoas
pectineus
Thigh
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medials
tensor fascia lata
sartorius
adductor longus
Gracilis
Leg
fibularis longus
extensor digitorum longus
tibialis anterior
gastrocnemius
soleus
3 types of muscle tissues & their major
functions/characteristics
cardiac
around heart and is the bulk of the heart wall
smooth
Consists of elongated cells and is found in the walls of hollow visceral organs (forces fluids through body channels)
skeletal
has striations, are the longest muscle cells, and is responsible for overall body mobility
physiology of muscle contraction
When an impulse reaches the muscle fibres of a motor unit, it stimulates a reaction in each sarcomere between the actin and myosin filaments
structure and organizational levels of the skeletal muscle
muscle
muscle cells, CT, nerve fibers, blood vessels
fascicle
bundle of cells
muscle fiber
multinucleate cell
myofibril
rodlike contractile
sacromere
contractile proteins
myofilament
thick
disorders associated with the
Muscular system.
Myopathy
Myotonic dystrophy
extreme loss of control of skeletal muscles, irregular rhythm of heart, and diabetes
Fibromyalgia
inflammation of CT in tendons and coverings
Hernia
failure of muscular fusion usually caused by heavy lift
RICE
rest, ice, compression, and elevation
Myofacial pain syndrome
tight muscles that are usually connected with overused or strained postural muscles
Myalgia
muscle pain
Spasm
Twitching that becomes painful which is usually in the facial muscles
Strain
too much stretching or tear
names of all the muscles back
neck
Epicranius, occipital belly
sternocleidomastoid
splenius capitis
splenius cervicis
levator scapulae
rhomboid minor
rhomboid major
trapezius
Arm
triceps brachii
brachialis
shoulder
Deltoid
infrspinatus
teres major
rhomboid major
latissmus doris
forearm
brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
extensor digitorum
Hip
gluteus medius
gluteus maximus
thigh
lliotibial tract
adductor magnus
gracilis hamstrings
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
leg
Gastrocnemius
soleus
fibularis longus
calcaneal