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Communication (Barriers to effective communication: (Filtering: a sender’s…
Communication
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Modes:
Oral Communication
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• Disadvantage: Distortion of the message, misunderstandings
Videoconferencing (conduct real-time meetings at different locations, Meetings, Telephone (fast, effective and less ambiguous but easily overlooked)
Written Communication
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Letters, PowerPoint, Email, Instant messaging, Text messaging, Social media, Blogs,...
Nonverbal Communication (body movement, intonation, physical distance, facial expression
• Advantages: Supports other communications and provides observable expression of emotions and feelings
• Disadvantage: Misconception of body language or gestures can influence receiver’s interpretation of message
- Often, but not always unconsciously encoded and decoded
- All have great influence in communication and can be
used in sender and receivers advantage if you are more aware
Kinesics – facial expressions, gestures, eye movement, body posture, rate of walk
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Paralinguistics – how words are spoken, variations in the voice
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Clothing and artifacts – appearance, style
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Persuasive communication: Persuasive communication is directed to change recipient’s attitude and/or behavior
Controlled processing: detailed consideration of evidence and information relying on facts, figures and logic
- Automatic processing: superficial consideration of evidence and information making use of heuristics
- Controlled processing: detailed consideration of evidence and information relying on facts, figures and logic :
Heuristic-systematic model of information processing:
- System processing mode: • Individuals assess, analyze, scrutinize all information available to make their
judgement
- Heuristic processing mode: • Individuals use learned knowledge structures and cognitive heuristics and shortcuts to make their judgments
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Elaboration likelihood model:
- Central route:
- Used when the message recipient has a high interest/motivation/abilities to make a weighted
- Deep processing
- Focusing on the quality of the message and arguments
- Peripheral route:
- Used when the message recipient has a low
interest/motivation/abilities to make a weighted decision
- Surface processing
- Information is not examined thoroughly, focusing on more general cues (e.g., attractiveness of the messenger, created mood)
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Voice behavior
Informal and discretionary communication by an employee of ideas, suggestions, concerns, information about problems, or opinions about work-related issues to persons who might be able to take appropriate action, with the intent to bring about improvement or change
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Yet, managers frequently react negatively to voice
Communication process: the steps between a source and a receiver that result in the transfer and understanding of meaning
key parts:
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Noise – things that interfere with the message (perception, culture, technique, etc.)
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- formal channel: communication channel established by an organization to transmit messages related to the professional activities of member
- informal channel: communication channel that are created spontaneously and that emerge as responses to individual choices
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