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NorahEricksonCirculatorySystem (Heart (Heart Valves (Tricuspid valve…
NorahEricksonCirculatorySystem
Heart
Pericardial Membranes
Fibrous Pericardium
Covers heart, dense irregular connective tissue, keeps heart in place, from diaphragm to roots of large vessels, prevents over filling
Serous Pericardium
two layers 1) parietal 2) visceral, simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue, pericardial cavity filled with serous fluid to reduce friction
Layers of heart wall
Epicardium/ Visceral pericardium
simple squamous and areolar connective tissue
myocardium
muscle around to twist and squeeze blood out
endocardium
simple squamous and areolar connective tissue, lines the heart and covers valves
Microscopic Anatomy
intercalated disks
fascia adheres, desmosome-like structures,occure on transverse plane of desmosome
gap junctions
electrical signals, movement of ions
Heart Valves
heart sounds made by opening and closing of heart valves
Tricuspid valve
between right artium and right ventricle
bicuspid valve
between left atrium and left ventricle
pulmonary semi-lunar valve
between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
aortic semi-lunar valves
between left ventricle and aorta
Conducting system
(1) SA node
pace maker, sets heart rate, generates electrical signals, spreads through myocardium of atria, sends signal to AV node
(2) AV node
short delay, allow ventricles to fill
(3) AV bundle
fibers that transport signal from atria to ventricle
(4) Right and Left bundle branches
branches of av bundle
(5) Purkinje Fibers
branches of Right and Left bundle branches
Blood Vessels
Capillaries
Tunica intima
endothelium with basement membrane
Continous
most common, intercellular clefts, found in CNS lungs smooth muscle, inter cellular clefts- somewhat leaky
Fenistrated
Pores high rate of exchange, found in small intestine kidneys choroid plexus endocrine glands
Sinusoids
large winding large item exchange proteins and cells, found in red bone marrow liver and spleen
Arteries
Tunica externa
thinner than vein, collagen and elastic fibers, protection and strength
tunica media
smooth muscle with collagen and elastic fibers
tunica intima
internal elastic membrane, simple squamous endothelium
elastic/ conducting artery
move blood away from heart, largest proximal to heart, aorta and major branches, stretch and recoil-propel blood
muscular/ distributing artery
more muscle relative to size, take blook to organs, distal to elastic arteries, constrict or dialate to conrol blood flow
Arterioles
1-2 layers smooth muscle, constrict and dialate
Veins
Tunica Externa
thicker than artery, few elastic fibers, majority collagen fibers
Tunica Media
smooth muscle, less than artery
tunica intima
only endothelium
Venules
smallest vein, much like capillaries, 1-2 layers smooth muscle
medium veins
large veins, with valves
Blood
Plasma
liquid, 90% water, >100 molecules, ions, minerals, hormones, vitamins, nutrients
White blood cells (Leukocytes)
have a role in immunity, created in red bone marrow
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
created in red bone marrow, increased surface area, biconcave, contains hemoglobin