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NS 41 - Schizophrenia (i) (General symptoms of Schiz + psychotic disorders…
NS 41 - Schizophrenia (i)
intro
onset before adolescence = rare (usually late teens-mid 30s
later onset in women
rarer than MDD or GAD
debilitating, huge societal cost
Schiz + physical health
decreased life expectancy due to associated medical conditions
weight gain, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, CVD, pul disease
often due to antipsychotic medication
decreased engagement in health maintenance behaviours
e.g. good diet, exercise, screening, gp visits
increased smoking prevalence
General symptoms of Schiz + psychotic disorders
delusions + irrational thought
out of touch with reality
not apparent to patient
e.g. thinking you're someone else, phobias, belief that others can read your mind
hallucinations
distorted perception
can be auditory (most common, ext voice, not self-talk, usually saying -ve things), visual, or touch (rare)
stimulus absent/grossly distorted
disorganised thinking
inferred from speech
switching to unrelated topics
non-coherent
prefrontal cortex volume reduction
decreased executive functioning
decreased concentration
disorganised/abnormal motor behaviour
less goal-directed behaviour (makes daily living difficult)
catatonic behaviour
rigid posture maintained for a long time
lack of verbal/motor responses
not engaging with environment
staring
grimacing
echoing speech
-ve symptoms
decreased emotional expression
decreased facial expression
decreased eye contact
decreased movement
apathy
monotone speech
behaviour deficits
avolition
decreased motivation + self-initiated purposeful activities
e.g. sitting for long periods of time
hard to treat :cry:
social withdrawal
+ve symptoms
not always present in schiz
behavioural excesses/peculiarities
hallucinations
delusions
bizarre behaviour
flights of ideas
treated with antipsychotics
clinical presentation differs in individuals as condition is a heterogenous clinical syndrome
schiz = disconnection syndrome
dorsolat prefrontal cortex functions affected