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PSYCHOLOGY (BIOLOGICAL APPROACH (The brain (Brain study (MRI (A still…

- - - - Chemicals released by glands.
        
        Regulate medium- and long-term changes.
        
        Testosterone
        
        Aggression.
        
        Adrenaline
        
        Response to threat.
        
        Oxydocin
        
        Sociability, formation of attachments.
    - - Chemicals released into the environment.
        
        Effect on attraction and reproductive behaviour.
  - - - Behaviour is connected to evolution the same way our physical features are.
    - - Characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
    - - Mutation
        
        Alteration in the structure of the DNA.
      - Epigenetics
        
        No alteration in the structure of the DNA.
  - - - MRI
        
        A still picture of the brain which can inform on the structure.
      - fMRI
        
        A brain imaging technique involving detection of differences in magnetisation between poor and rich oxygenated blood flow.
        
        +
        
        Greatest amount of detail. Moving picture. Pattern of activation and localisation.
        
        -
        
        People with metallic implants are unable to use MRI, fMRI.
        
        Atypical readings if patient feels discomfort.
      - EEG
        
        A method of measuring brain activity using electrodes attached to the scalp.
        
        -
        
        Shows brain waves over the whole brain.
        
        +
        
        Establish overall brain activity. Non-invasive = minimal risk. Cheap and accessible.
      - CAT
        
        A brain imaging technique which gives a still picture of the brain, using X-rays.
        
        +
        
        Can detect structural issues and damages.
        
        -
        
        Can't localise activity in typical brains. With frequent use might cause cancer and genetic mutations.
      - PET
        
        A brain imaging method that gives a moving picture of brain activity. This is achieved by tracking radiation levels in the brain.
        
        +
        
        Can give details of localisation of brain activity.
        
        -
        
        Patient/subject exposed to high doses of radiation.
    - - Ability to identify parts of the brain which serve certain type of functions.
        
        Visual centre
        
        Processes visual information.
        
        Auditory centre
        
        Hearing
        
        Somatosensory centre
        
        Sensory information.
        
        Language centre
        
        Broca's area
        
        Wernicke's area
        
        Motor centre
        
        Movement
    - - The ability of the nervous system system, especially the brain, to adapt to the environment and to replace function following damage.
    - - Serotonin
        
        Appetite, social rank, well-being, sleep
      - Dopamine
        
        Pleasure, reward, attention