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PSYCHOLOGY (Biological approach (Role of animal research in understanding…

- - - - Neuron
      - Synapse
  - - - Motor centres
      - Somatosensory centre
      - Visual centre
      - Auditory centre
  - - - Change our habits
      - Change our thought processes
      - Brain damage
        
        Non-affected areas may function at a lower level
        
        Connections may be lost
        
        Recovery is possible
  - - - Regulatory role
      - Emotion, motor, cognitive and basic autonomic behaviour
      - Arousal level
      - Effect on well-being and happiness
        
        Ecstasy heightens serotonin levels
        
        Low levels linked to depression
        
        Anti-depressants heighten serotonin levels
      - Aggression
        
        Low levels lead to increased aggression
    - - Increase the activity
      - Schizophrenia
        
        High dpoamine levels lead to it
    - - Requires consent
        
        Mentally ill people may not be adequate to give consent
      - Risk
        
        Substances and rasition
  - - - Maternal behaviour
        
        Maternal functions
      - Reproductive behaviour
      - Most research done on animals
    - - Manly behaviour
      - Aggressive responses to social provocations
      - Found in greater amounts in males
      - Physical aggression found mostly only in animals
    - - Heightened state
        
        Response to a stressful situation or a threat
        
        Racing heart, tense muscles and other effects
        
        "Fight or flight"
        
        Deal with danger
        
        Potentially life-saving
      - Adrenal glands
    - - Secreted via the endocrine system
        
        The pituitary gland is the "Master gland"
  - - - Sweat and urine
  - - - Testosterone, serotonin, dopamine, adrenaline
        
        Genes can affect hormone levels
      - Metabolisation
      - Frontal lobe
        
        Controls aggression
    - - Monozygotic twins
        
        100% the same genes
      - Dizygotic twins
        
        50% the same genes
    - - Some behaviours have been helpful
      - Adaptation
        
        Survival
        
        "Survival of the fittest"
        
        Increasing the chance of reproduction
        
        Men look for different women but women look for one man
    - - Evolutionarily adaptive
      - "Smoke detector principle"
        
        Anxiety to avoid a threat
        
        Shouldn't be triggered too easily
  - - - There is not always a link between animals and humans
    - - Legislation to protect animal rights
      - Not all animals are equal
      - Centres on the relationship between an animal an humans
      - Bateson's cube