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BrendaBarckCardiovascularSystem.pdf (Heart (Conduction System Of the Heart…
BrendaBarckCardiovascularSystem.pdf
Heart
Microscopic Anatomy Of Myocardium
thick myocardium tissue in the atria and ventricles of the heart, junctions called intercalated discs with desmosome like structure called fascia adherens.
Heart Valves (control blood flow)
Bicuspid-two cusps, left ventricle
Tricuspid-three cusps, right ventricle
Semilunar Valves
pulmonary-three pocketlike cusps, prevent backflow from the arteries and ventricles
aortic-three pocketlike cusps, prevent backflow from the arteries and ventricles
Layer of the Heart Wall
Epicardium-upon the heart, visceral layer of serous pericardium
Myocardium-muscle heart, muscle layer that contracts
Endocardium-inside the heart, lines the heart chambers and covers valves in the heart
Conduction System Of the Heart
SA Node-sets the heart rate by generating 70-80 electrical impulses per minute, goes through gap junctions in the intercalated discs
AV node-delays the impulse for less than a second, inferior part of interatrial septum
AV bundle-signals come here and then divide into right and left 'legs'
Purkinje Fibers-apex, signals go superior after they reach here
Pericardial Membranes
Fibrous Pericardium-covers the heart, cant see it unless its removed, keeps the heart in place, helps from overfilling, goes from the diaphragm to the roots of large vessels
Serous Pericardium (double layered sac)
Parietal-outer, surrounding of heart
Visceral-on top of heart directly
Paricardial cavity-in between the visceral and parietal, contains serous fluid
Blood Vessels
Veins
less muscle, collapse easy, any vessel that brings blood to the heart, low pressure
large and medium sized, has valves to prevent back flow (can happen though-varicose veins)
Arteries
thicker muscle walls, keeps uniform shape, high pressure, any vessel that carries blood away from the heart
elastic/conducting artery-more proximal to the heart, move larger amounts of blood, ability to stretch and recoil, found in the aorta, pulmonary trunk
muscular/distributing artery-more muscle than any for the size, distal to the heart for distribution, takes blood to organs and to parts of organs
arterioles-smallest and most distal (little arteries) 1-2 layers of smooth muscle, changes diameter to change blood flow
Capillaries
very small! exchange vessels, leaky. creation of C.S.F, allow for in/out
continuous-most common, least leaky
sinusoid-large pores, big clefts, winding, lots of exchange
fenestrated-'windows' pores, more leaky
Venules
similar to capillaries, some exchange, 1-2 layers of smooth muscle (very small vein)
Blood
Cells
Proteins
albumin-keeps h2o in our blood vessels
globulin-antibodies, protect us from pathogens
fibrinogen-helps with blood clotting
Erythrocytes-red cells! filled with hemoglobin, binds to oxygen, made in red bone marrow, shape helps it with increase surface area, oxygen transport
Platelets- aka thrombocytes, not really cells-they are pieces of a larger cell called megakarocyte (in cytoplasm), clotting abilities to stop bleeding (natures band aide)
Leukocytes (white cells)
Basophil-granulocyte
Lymphocyte-smaller, crescent moon shape
Eosinophil-2 lobes, reed color granulocyte
Monocytes-larger nucleus, horseshoe shape
Nutrophil-mulitloped 2-3 nucleus
Plasma
liquid portion of blood-90% water. composed of ions, sugar, hormones, vitamins, lipids, amino acids, over 100 different molecules