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Heart, Blood Vessels and Blood (Heart (Conduction System (Sinoatrial (SA)…

- - - - Dense irregular C.T.
      - Keeps heart in place
      - Location: from diaphragm to roots of large vessels
      - Prevents overflow of blood
    - - Adheres to the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
    - - Continuous w/ Parietal Pericardium
      - Location: lies on the heart (considered part of heart wall)
  - - - Visceral layer of serous pericardium
      - Infiltrated w/ fat
    - - Forms bulk of the heart
      - Consists of cardiac muscle tissue
      - Layer that contracts
    - - Deep to myocardium
      - Simple squamous epithelium w/ a thin layer of C.T.
      - Location: lines heart chambers & covers heart valves
  - - - Complex junctions that join cardiac muscle cells
    - - Complex junctions that join cardiac muscle cells
    - - Desmosome- like junctions
      - Function: bind adjacent cells together
      - Transmit the contractile force to adjacent cells
    - - Location: apart of longitudinal regions
      - Function: allow ions to pass between cells & transmit the contractile signal to adjacent cells.
  - - - Make the 'lub' sounds
      - Opening to allow blood to contract
      - Right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve and left atrioventricular (bicuspid) valve
    - - Make the 'dub' sounds
      - Valves close due to the presence of remaining blood that didn't pass through
      - Aortic Valve and Pulmonary (semilunar) valves
  - - - Sets your heart rate
      - Generates electrical signals that spread through myocardium of atria
      - Atria contracts
      - Sends electrical signal to Atrioventricular (AV) Node
    - - There's a short delay to allow ventricles to fill
    - - Cells
- - - - Moving blood away from heart
      - Largest- proximal to heart
      - Aorta & major branches
      - Stretch & recoil- propel blood forward
    - - More muscle relative to size than other arteries
      - Take blood to organs, parts of organs
      - Distal to the elastic/conducting arteries
    - - 1-2 layers of smooth muscle in Tunica Media which constrict or dilate
  - - - Most common
      - In CNS, lungs, skin, smooth & skeletal muscles
      - Intercellular clefts to be somewhat leaky
    - - Capillaries w/ "windows" pores
      - Small intestine, kidneys, choroid plexus, endocrine glands
      - Broken capillary & large clefts, basement membrane is not continous
    - - Large, winding for items like proteins, cells
      - They're in red bone marrow; liver- proteins; spleen
  - - - Smallest veins
      - Like capillaries (some exchange)
      - 1-2 layers of smooth muscle
    - - Has valves, important in lower extremity to prevent backflow
    - - Less elastic than arteries
- - - - Red Blood Cells
      - All created in red bone marrow
      - Lose many organelles including nucleus before release into the blood stream
      - Biconcave
      - Large surface area- easier to take up/give away O2
      - Contain hemoglobin: binds w/ O2
    - - Role in immunity
      - Neutrophil
      - Eosinophil
      - Basophil
      - Lymphocyte
      - Monocyte
    - - Not cells, pieces of cytoplasm from megakarocyte
      - Involved w/ blood clotting
      - Also known as Platelets