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Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts (Characteristics of…

- - - - Class Musci
      - Class Hepaticae
      - Class Anthocerotae
- - - - The leafy stems, known as gametophores of many moss plants grow close together , tightly appressed and forming dense mounds.
    - - The innermost cortex is composed of cells called hydroids that conduct water and dissolved minerals.
      - At the base of the stem are rhizoids which are small, multicellular trichome-like structures that penetrate the surface of the substrate.
    - - Gametophore growth begins when a spore germinates and sends out a long, slender chlorophyllous cell which undergoes mitosis and produces a branched system of similar cells; the entire network is a protonema
    - - Sperms are produced in microgametangia called antheridia and Eggs occur in megagametangia called archegonia.
- - - - They can be very easily confused with mosses. They have typical lobed leaves, which grow from two apical points and their basal pouch.
    - - They have thick bodies and are not easily confused with mosses.