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Cardiovascular System (HeartLink Title) (Conduction system of heart …

- - - - Fascia adherens
        -Desmosome-like
      - Gap junctions
        -Electrical signals pass from one cell to next here
  - - - -Cardiac muscle tissue that contracts
    - - -Endothelium and CT (simple sq. epith & areolar)
        -Lines heart and covers valves
    - - -"Visceral pericardium"- which is composed of serous membrane
  - - - Parietal layer
        -Adheres to inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
      - Visceral layer
        -Continuous w/parietal layer of serous pericardium. Lies on heart wall
  - - - -Delays signal for short time while the ventricles fill with blood
    - - "Bundle of His"
    - - -AV bundle divides into R and L bundle branches
    - - -Pacemaker
        -Signal travels through atrial myocardium
        -Unique muscle- generates electrical signal automatically
        -Atria contracts using gap junctions to spread the signal
    - - -About halfway down septum, bundle branches terminate here
        -They approach apex of heart and turn superiorly into the ventricular walls
- - - - -Most common
        -In CNS, lungs, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle
        -Least leaky
    - - -"Windows"- pores
        -High rates of exchange
        -Small intestine, kidneys, choroid plexus, endocrine glands, synovial membranes of joints
    - - -Large, winding
        -Exchange things as large as proteins, whole cells
        -Liver, red bone marrow, spleen
  - - - -Smallest
        -Much like capillaries -still some exchange
        -1-2 layers of smooth muscle
    - - -Valves (prevent backflow of blood away from heart)
        -Fewer elastic fibers (than arteries)
        -Medium-sized, large
  - - - -Take blood to organs/parts of organs
        -Capable of changing diameter to regulate blood flow
    - - -Smallest
        -1-2 layers of smooth muscle
        -Capable of changing diameter to regulate blood flow
        -Lead into capillary beds
    - - -Most proximal arteries to heart
        -Aorta, large branches from Aorta, Pulmonary Trunk
        -Able to move large amts of blood
        -Most elastic fibers (stretch and recoil to propel blood forward)
- - - - Fibrinogen
        -Involved in blood clotting
      - Globulin
        -Include both antibodies and blood proteins
      - Albumin
        -Helps keep water from diffusing out of the bloodstream
  - - - Eosinophil
        -Turn off allergic responses and kill parasites
      - Basophil
        Release histamine and other mediators of inflammation
      - Neutrophil
        -Consume and destroy bacteria by phagocytosis
      - Lymphocyte
        -Mount immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies
      - Monocyte
        -Phagocytosis; develop into macrophages in tissue