Muscular System Samantha Mauricio Pd1
Major Function
Names of all the Muscles
Disorders associated with the
Muscular system
the Sliding Filament Theory
3 Types of muscle tissues
structure and organizational levels of the skeletal muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Smooth muscle
Relaxed
Contracted
A small spindle-shaped cell thickest in middle, tapering at each end, and containing a single, centrally located nucleus.
Attached end to end by transverse thickening of plasma membrane called intercalated discs which contain desmosomes and gap junctions.
Long cylindrical striated fibers. Vary greatly in
Produce movement: Skeletal muscle are responsible for all locomotion and manipulation
Stabilize Joints
Generate heat: plays a role in maintaining normal body temperature
Maintain posture and body position
Location: found in walls of digestive, respiratory, urinary, & reproductive organs
Functions: move food, urine, & respiratory passageways and regulates diameter of blood vessels & contributes to regulation of tissue blood flow
Location: Heart
Function:pumps blood out and then relax to let blood back in after it has circulated through the body.
Location: Usually attached to bones by tendons
Function: Motion, posture, heat, production by tendon
Myopathy
Myotonic Dystrophy
Myalgia
Hernia
Fibromyalgia
a protrusion of an organ through its body cavity walls
a gradual reduction in muscle mass and control of skeletal muscles, abnormal heat rhythm
a disease of the muscle tissue in which the muscle fibers do not function properly.
a muscle pain syndrome that causes pain when the bands of the muscle fibers are tightened
group of conditions involving chronic inflammation of muscles
Caused by heavy lifting or obesity
Caused by a mutation in the CNBP gene
Can be caused by muscle injury due to medicine, inherited diseases that affect muscle function, disorders of electrolyte levels, and thyroid disease
Caused by injured,overused or strained postural muscles
Caused by genetics, emotional or physical trauma, or infections
Muscle
Fascicle
Muscle Fibers
Myofibril
Sacromere
Myofilament
Consists of hundreds to thousands of muscle cells, plus connective tissue wrappings, blood vessels, and nerve fibers
elongated multinucleate cell, has a banded (striated) appearance
A cylindrical bundle of contractile filaments within the individual skeletal muscle cell. Composed of individual contractile proteins called "Myofilaments".
a segment of a myofibril. the contractile unit, composed of myofiliments made up of contractile proteins
a bundle of structures, such as nerve or muscle fibers
filaments of myofibrils, constructed from proteins, principally myosin or actin
F: movement, but it also helps stabilize our joints, maintain our posture and generate heat during activity.
R:striated appearance of skeletal muscle, and forms the basic machinery necessary for muscle contraction.
Body Movement Terminology
Abduction
Adduction
Extension
Circumduction
Flexion
Rotation
Medial
Lateral
Supination
Hyperextension
Pronation
Dorsiflexion
Plantar Flexion
Palms face anteriorly
Rotation away from the midline
Rotation towards the midline
turning of bone around its own long axis, toward midline or away from it
Involves flexion, abduction, extension of the limb
Movement along the frontal plane, toward the midline
Movement along the frontal plane, away from the midline
Movement beyond the anatomical position
Increases the angle of the joint
Decrease the angle of the joint
Palms face posteriorly
Bending foot toward shin
Pointing toes
When sarcomere is relaxed it lengthens, as well as H and I bands. Meanwhile, A band stays the same. Therefore, relaxation occurs when stimulation of the nerve stops. Causing the calcium to pump back I to the sarcoplasmic reticulum breaking the connection between actin and myosin.
When the muscle contracts, the breakdown of ATP occurs then the energy releases which enables the myosin that pulls the actin filaments inwards which shortens the muscle. This occurs along the entire length of every myofibril in the muscle cell. Then the myosin detaches from the actin and the cross-bridge is broken when the ATP molecule binds to the myosin head.
Anterior
Posterior
Rectus Abdominis
Latissimus Dorsi
External Oblique
Triceps Brachii
Gluteus Medius
Deltoid
Gluteus Maximus
Trapezius
Adductor Magnus
Epicranium, Occipital Belly
Bicep Femoris
Temporalis
Gastrocnemius
Semitendinosus
Fibularis Longus
Biceps Brachii
Transversus Abdominis
Pectoralis Major
Lliopsoas Pectineus
Masseter
Gracilis
Sternocleidomastoid
Sartorius
Zygomaticus
Tibialis Anterior
orbicularis oculi
Fibularis Longus
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
Rectus femoris
flexor carpi radialis
Brachioradialis
Orbicularis Oris
External Oblique