Muscular System Samantha Mauricio Pd1

Major Function

Names of all the Muscles

Disorders associated with the
Muscular system

the Sliding Filament Theory

3 Types of muscle tissues

structure and organizational levels of the skeletal muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

Smooth muscle

Relaxed

Contracted

A small spindle-shaped cell thickest in middle, tapering at each end, and containing a single, centrally located nucleus.

Attached end to end by transverse thickening of plasma membrane called intercalated discs which contain desmosomes and gap junctions.

Long cylindrical striated fibers. Vary greatly in

Produce movement: Skeletal muscle are responsible for all locomotion and manipulation

Stabilize Joints

Generate heat: plays a role in maintaining normal body temperature

Maintain posture and body position

Location: found in walls of digestive, respiratory, urinary, & reproductive organs

Functions: move food, urine, & respiratory passageways and regulates diameter of blood vessels & contributes to regulation of tissue blood flow

Location: Heart

Function:pumps blood out and then relax to let blood back in after it has circulated through the body.

Location: Usually attached to bones by tendons

Function: Motion, posture, heat, production by tendon

Myopathy

Myotonic Dystrophy

Myalgia

Hernia

Fibromyalgia

a protrusion of an organ through its body cavity walls

a gradual reduction in muscle mass and control of skeletal muscles, abnormal heat rhythm

a disease of the muscle tissue in which the muscle fibers do not function properly.

a muscle pain syndrome that causes pain when the bands of the muscle fibers are tightened

group of conditions involving chronic inflammation of muscles

Caused by heavy lifting or obesity

Caused by a mutation in the CNBP gene

Can be caused by muscle injury due to medicine, inherited diseases that affect muscle function, disorders of electrolyte levels, and thyroid disease

Caused by injured,overused or strained postural muscles

Caused by genetics, emotional or physical trauma, or infections

Muscle

Fascicle

Muscle Fibers

Myofibril

Sacromere

Myofilament

Consists of hundreds to thousands of muscle cells, plus connective tissue wrappings, blood vessels, and nerve fibers

elongated multinucleate cell, has a banded (striated) appearance

A cylindrical bundle of contractile filaments within the individual skeletal muscle cell. Composed of individual contractile proteins called "Myofilaments".

a segment of a myofibril. the contractile unit, composed of myofiliments made up of contractile proteins

a bundle of structures, such as nerve or muscle fibers

filaments of myofibrils, constructed from proteins, principally myosin or actin

F: movement, but it also helps stabilize our joints, maintain our posture and generate heat during activity.

R:striated appearance of skeletal muscle, and forms the basic machinery necessary for muscle contraction.

Body Movement Terminology

Abduction

Adduction

Extension

Circumduction

Flexion

Rotation

Medial

Lateral

Supination

Hyperextension

Pronation

Dorsiflexion

Plantar Flexion

Palms face anteriorly

Rotation away from the midline

Rotation towards the midline

turning of bone around its own long axis, toward midline or away from it

Involves flexion, abduction, extension of the limb

Movement along the frontal plane, toward the midline

Movement along the frontal plane, away from the midline

Movement beyond the anatomical position

Increases the angle of the joint

Decrease the angle of the joint

Palms face posteriorly

Bending foot toward shin

Pointing toes

When sarcomere is relaxed it lengthens, as well as H and I bands. Meanwhile, A band stays the same. Therefore, relaxation occurs when stimulation of the nerve stops. Causing the calcium to pump back I to the sarcoplasmic reticulum breaking the connection between actin and myosin.

When the muscle contracts, the breakdown of ATP occurs then the energy releases which enables the myosin that pulls the actin filaments inwards which shortens the muscle. This occurs along the entire length of every myofibril in the muscle cell. Then the myosin detaches from the actin and the cross-bridge is broken when the ATP molecule binds to the myosin head.

Anterior

Posterior

Rectus Abdominis

Latissimus Dorsi

External Oblique

Triceps Brachii

Gluteus Medius

Deltoid

Gluteus Maximus

Trapezius

Adductor Magnus

Epicranium, Occipital Belly

Bicep Femoris

Temporalis

Gastrocnemius

Semitendinosus

Fibularis Longus

Biceps Brachii

Transversus Abdominis

Pectoralis Major

Lliopsoas Pectineus

Masseter

Gracilis

Sternocleidomastoid

Sartorius

Zygomaticus

Tibialis Anterior

orbicularis oculi

Fibularis Longus

vastus medialis

vastus lateralis

Rectus femoris

flexor carpi radialis

Brachioradialis

Orbicularis Oris

External Oblique