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The Muscular System Sarah Ramirez P.1 (Muscles (Bicep Brachii, External…
The Muscular System
Sarah Ramirez P.1
Major functions of the muscular system
The major function of the muscular system is to help the body move, and help keep our body posture.
Muscles
Bicep Brachii
External Oblique
Deltoid
Rectus Abdominis
Pectoralis Major
Brachioradialis
Sternocleidomastoid
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Orbicularis Oris
Zygomaticus
Rectus Femoris
masseter
Vastus Lateralis
Orbicularis oculi
Gracilis
temporalis
Fibularis Longus
Frontal belly
Tibialis anterior
3 Types of muscle tissue
Smooth muscle tissue- found in the walls of visceral organs, non-striated, and involuntary
Cardiac muscle tissue-Only lines the heart, is not voluntary, and is striated
Skeletal Muscle tissue- Covers the skeleton, is voluntary and has striations
Body movement terminology
Abduction and Adduction
Circumduction
Rotation
Supination and Pronation
Depression and elevation
Structure and organizational level
Muscle fiber (cell)
Myofibril
Fascicle
Sacromere
Muscle(organ)
Myofilament
Physiology of muscle contractions
The brain sends signals along motor neurons until it synapses with a muscle cell
The motor neuron then releases acetylcholine
The released acetylcholine then binds to protein receptors on the sarcolemma and trigers action potential in a muscle fiber
The action potential moves along the sarcolemma and down the T Tubules
Calcium Ions are released. The calcium binds to troponin and removes the blocking action of tropomyosin.
Myosin binds to actin and forms cross bridges, contraction begins
Disorders
Muscular Dystrophy- Muscle weakness
Myositis- Inflamation of the muscles used the most
Motor neuron disease- Muscles do not work properly
Posterior Muscles
Latissimus Dorsi
Gluteus Minimus
Triceps
Gluteus Medius
Infraspinatus
Gluteus Maximus
Trapezius
Adductor Magnus
Occipital Belly
Gatrocnemius
Fibularis Longus