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Metallic and Non-Metallic Mining in Canada (Environmental consequences…
Metallic and Non-Metallic Mining in Canada
history
started with coal, iron, gold
few environmental protective measures in place
many of the old mines no longer have owners because their companies don't exist anymore, so who should pay for the damage these mines are causing?
Gold Rush in the Fraser Valley and Klondike helped bring people out into the hinterlands
big the boom when all the richest veins were starting to get depleted and technological advances from WWII helped move the industry along.
Methods
Different types of mines
Surface
open pit/ quarry/ strip mining
dig a hole in the surface of the ground, relatively shallow and cheaper.
placer
sift through sediment in a streambed. Gold rush style mining.
Subsurface
in situ
inject solution into the orebody to separate the ore/element. Usually used for uranium or oil.
underground
tunnels are dug to get deeper more hard to reach deposits
block caving
cut and fill
sublevel caving
sublevel stoping
benefits
what do we dig for in canada?
copper
iron
coal
gold
aluminum
sand and gravel
diamonds
silver
nickel
zinc
What do our mining products supply?
batteries
circuitry
sport equipment
building materials
musical instruments
energy
cutlery
furniture
Many economic benefits too, Canada is a big player in the international mining industry
Environmental consequences
Acid rock drainage
tailings ponds
waste rock
subsidence
habitat loss from overburden removal
biodiversity loss from this
air pollution
from gases released from the mines
from dust blowing off of waste rock piles
Stakeholders
wildlife
aquatic life is especially vulnerable
fish
frogs
insects
bears
deer
coyotes
rabbits
people
First Nations who live off the land
People who live near mines
Especially in Ontario and Quebec where most of Canada's mines are situated
people vulnerable to climate change
this is basically everyone
Business
Mining Companies
owners
Management
employees