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Muscular System Elina Shibata (Body Movement Terminology (hyperflexion,…
Muscular System Elina Shibata
Major Functions of the Muscular System
movement
helps to stabilize joints
maintain posture
generate heat during activity
voluntary and controlled by skeletal muscles
involuntary and controlled by smooth muscles
Names of all the muscles
3 types of muscle tissues
Smooth
Location
stomach
arteries
intestine walls
Function
Regulates the flow of blood and the arteries and air through the lungs
Characteristics
Smooth
Involuntary
Skeletal
Location
around bones and other muscles
Function
Aids in the overall movement of the body
Contracts and extends voluntarily
Characteristics
Striated
Voluntary
Cardiac
Location
heart
Function
Pumps blood through the circulatory system
Characteristics
Striated
Involuntary
Body Movement Terminology
hyperflexion
eversion
hyperextension
inversion
flexion
pronation
extension
supination
adduction
rotation
abduction
circumduction
tilt
deviation
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
Structure and Organizational levels of the Skeletal Muscle
Muscle Fiber
elongated multi-nucleated cell, banded
Endomysium
surrounds muscle fiber
Perimysium
surrounds fascicles
Fascicle
discrete bundle of muscle calls, segregated from the rest of the muscle by connective tissue shath
Epimysium
covers external muscle
Muscle
consists of hundreds to thousands of muscle cells, connective tissue wrappings, blood vessels, and nerve fibers
Myofibril
contractile elements that occupy most of the muscle cell volume, composed of sarcomeres arranged end to end and they appear banded
Sarcomere
contractile unit, composed of myofilaments made up of contractile proteins
Myofilament
contractile myofilaments are thick and thin
thick : bundled myosin molecules
thin : actin molecules
Disorders associated with the Muscular System
muscular dystrophy
myalgia
muscle strain
torn muscle
fibromyalgia