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Cardiovascular System (Blood (plasma (description: (More than 100…

- - - - liquid- 90% water
      - More than 100 different molecules
        
        examples: ions, minerals, vitamins, hormones, nutrients: lipids, sugar, amino acids
  - - - Globulins: Immunoglobulans (anti bodies); transporters for hydrophobic substances
      - Fibrinogen: involved in blood clotting
      - Albumin; helps keep water in the blood vessels
  - - - Plug small tears in the walls of blood vessels; blood clotting
      - Not cells, pieces of cytoplasm from a large cell; megkarocyte
  - - - basophil
        
        description: The rarest; the inflammation-mediating function
        
        make up 0.5% of leukocytes
      - lymphocyte
        
        description:
        
        most imporatant
        
        functions in connective tissues
        
        play a crucial role in immunity
        
        make up 20% to 45% of white blood cells
      - eosinophil
        
        description:
        
        Play a role in ending allergic reactions
        
        Fights Parasites
        
        Relatively Rare
        
        make up 1% to 4% of leukocytes
      - monocyte
        
        description:
        
        The largest
        
        Use the bloodstream to reach connective tissue; then transform into macrophages
        
        make up 4% to 8% of whit blood cells
      - neutrophil
        
        description: bacteria destroying; are the most abundant
        
        make up 60% of white blood cells
  - - - Biconcave shape
        
        Surface area- easier to take up & give away oxygen
      - Contain hemoglobin
      - Red blood cells: lose many organelles including nucleus-before release into blood stream.
- - - - Fascia adherens
        
        description: desmosome like structures.
      - Gap junction
        
        description: Electrical signals; movement of ions; *Without the use of neurons
  - - - description:Allows blood flow through the atrium into the ventricles. and prevents blood flow in the opposite direction.
    - - description: Prevents blood back-flow into the heart.
  - - - description: Forms the bulk of the heart. It consist of cardiac muscle tissue and is the layer that actually contracts. (muscle)
    - - description: Lines the heart chambers and covers the heart valves. Simple Squamous Epithelium & Areolar connective tissue.
    - - description: Is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium.
  - - - description: The atroventricular (AV) bundle connects the atria to the ventricles
    - - description: The bundle branches (right and left) conduct the impulses through the interventricular septum
    - - description: The impulses pause (0.1 sec) at the atroventricular (AV) node, to allow ventricles to fill
    - - description: The subendocardial conducting network stimulates the contractile cells of both ventricles
        
        purkije fibers
    - - description: The sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker) generates impulses(heart rate)
  - - - description: Keeps heart in place, is dense irregular connective tissue.
      - Location: From diaphragm to roots of large vessels.
    - - description: Filled with serous fluid, is between the parietal and visceral layers.
      - Serous fluid
        
        description: Lubricating; prevents friction
    - - Visceral
        
        Description; lies on the heart and is considered a part of the heart wall.
      - Description; A closed sac sandwiched between the fibrous pericardium and the heart.
      - Parietal
        
        Description; the outer part; cling to the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium.
- - - - description:
        
        Kinda like capillaries
        
        1-2 layers of smooth muscle
        
        smallest veins
        
        have all the tunics
    - - description: trying to get it back to the heart
    - - description: valves
  - - - description:
        
        location: small intestine, kidneys-filter blood, choroid plexus, endocrine glands
        
        high rate of exchange
        
        capillaries with "windows"-pores
    - - description:
        
        large and winding
        
        large items can be exchanged; proteins and whole cells
        
        location: red bone marrow, liver-proteins, spleen-whole cells
    - - description:
        
        location: nervous system, skin, smooth muscle
        
        intercellular clefts- somewhat leaky
        
        Most common
  - - - description:
        
        takes blood to organs or parts of organs
        
        distal to the Elastic/conducting arteries
        
        more muscle relative to size than other arteries
        
        They can constrict or dilate to decrease or increase blood flow
    - - description:
        
        the smallest
        
        1-2 layers of smooth muscle; can constrict or dilate
    - - description:
        
        largest
        
        aorta and major branches
        
        stretch and recoil
        
        why: propel blood forward
        
        most proximal to the heart