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Darren Butarbutar - Muscular System (Physiology of Muscle Contraction (The…
Darren Butarbutar - Muscular System
Major Functions of the Muscular Systsem
Maintain posture and body position
Stabilize joints
Produce movement
Generate heat
3 Types of Muscle Tissues & Their major function/Characteristics
Smooth Muscle
found in walls of hollow visceral organs, forms valves to regulate the passage of substances through internal body openings
Cardiac
Occurs only in the heart
Skeletal Muscle
Longest muscle cells, have striations
Body Movement terminology
Agonist
A muscle that has the major responsibility for producing a specific movement
Antagonist
Muscles that oppose, or reverse a particular movement
Physiology of Muscle Contraction
The I Bands shorten
The distance between succesive Z discs shorten. As the thin filaments slide centrally, the Z disks to which they attached are pulled toward the M line.
At this event occurs simultaneously in sacromeres throughout the cell, the muscle cells shorten
The H zones disappear
The cross bridge attachments form and break several times during a contraction, acting like tiny ratchets to generate tension and propel the thin filaments towards the center of the sacromere
When the nervous system stimulates muscle fivers, the myosin heads on the thick filaments latch onto myosin-binding sites on actin in the thin filaments, and the sliding begins
The contiguous A bands move closer together, but their length does not change
Muscle Disorders
Myopathy
neuromuscular disorders in which the primary symptom is muscle weakness due to dysfunction or muscle fiber
Muscle weakness
Chronic fatigue syndrome caused by extreme tiredness that cant be explained by an underlying condition
Names of all the Muscles
Back
Neck
sternocleidomastoid
Splenius capitis
Epicranius
Levator cerviciss
Arm
Tripceps brachii
Brachiallis
Forearm
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Entensor carpi ulnaris
Brachioradiallis
Hip
Gleteus Medius
Gluteous maximus
Thigh
Hamstrings
Biceps fermoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Leg
Soleus
Fibularis longus
Gastrocnemius
Calcaneal tendon
Front
Arm
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Triceps brachii
Forearm
Pronator teres
Brachioradialis
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Shoulder
Deltoid
Trapezius
Pelvis/Thigh
Pectineus
lliopsoas
Facial
Epicranius, frontal belly
Zygomaticus
Head
Masseter
Temporalis
Thigh
Tensor fascia
Sartorious
Adductor longus
Gracillis
Leg
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Abdomen
Internal oblique
Externamk oblique
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis
Thorax
Pectoral minor
Pectoralis Major
Serratus oblique
Transversus abdominis
Structure and organizational levels of the skeletal muscle
Myofibril
Rodlike contractile elements that occupy most of the muscle cell volume, composed of sacremes arranged end to end.
Muscle Fiber
A muscle fiver is an elongated multinucleate cell; it has a banded (striated) appearance
Fascicle
A fascicle is a discrete bundle of muscle cells, a segregated from the rest of the muscle by a connective tissue sheath
Sacromere
Sacromere is the contractile unit, Composed of myofilaments made up of contractile proteins
Myofilament, Filament
Thin
Contain actin molecles. The sliding of thin filaments past the thick filaments produces muscle shortening.
Thick
Contain bundled myosin molecules
Muscle (Organ)
A muscle consists of hundreds to thousands of muscle cells, plus connective tissue wrappings, blood vessels, and nerve fibers