"It's not just a 'California drought'"
by Cynthia Barnett

Ethos appeals

Pathos appeals

Logos appeals

audience

speaker

context

message/purpose

cultural values

direct quotes from hydrology and environmental science professors

narrative of tourists who visited Lake Mead but didn't understand the consequences they were seeing

instilling fear in audience, but then adding hope to keep the reader engaged

created personal sense of guilt for me -- not effective because that makes me defensive and less sympathetic

statistics of Lake Mead water level

explanation that water tables are dropping

drought personified as a villain or dark force to emphasize danger

connection that water consumption will be an issue whether it's in the east or west US

shows understanding of popular belief regarding water and drought

general public (people who are slightly informed)

those who read LA Times

assumption that audience already knows about the CA drought and what's happening there

argument organized in sequential manner

connecting agriculture and water usage to the common public via general food supply

establish that drought is dangerous
(just as dangerous as other natural disasters)

dismantle misconception that eastern states that receive more rain will not be affected by the water shortage issue

get the general public aware about their own water consumption and involved in dialogue about drought

criticize the government's slow reaction to the issue

establish that drought is a nationwide issue, not just a state or regional one

ongoing CA drought has started to gain national attention

Lake Mead water level is at 1080 feet -- new regulations kick in at 1075 feet

wildfires caused by drought have received national attention

assumption that audience is already somewhat familiar with hydrology fundamentals and terms such as "water table" and the concept of groundwater

drought and overconsumption has been an ongoing issue in the Great Basin states, but has not received a lot of national attention until now

environmental journalist,
specialization in hydrology

values in article

popular values

sense of human responsibility over natural resources

hard to understand where the water from a tap comes from -- many people don't understand how much energy is used to import water

need to find a way to reduce water consumption so we can maintain our urban way of living

wants the government to take control of regulations

lack of widespread knowledge about agricultural water use

environmental issues don't get much public attention unless there are regulations put in place, and therefore the government declares it to be an actual issue

misconception that drought isn't very dangerous, and lack of awareness about water supply

teaches environmental journalism at University of Florida

three books published about water
(two on water consumption, one on rain)

books have received multiple prestigious awards

lives in Gainesville, Florida

LA Times, NY Times, Wall Street Journal
(many publications)