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Global Transformation (The Global Transformation (The high culture of Asia…
Global Transformation (The Global Transformation, IR and 19th Century: 4 main ways IR is approached: 1) an absence 2) point of data accumulation; 3) as a fragment of a wider research program; 4) within Eurocentric accounts of the expansion of international society. , Argues Current benchmark of 1500 (opening of the sea lanes from Europe to the Americas and the Indian Ocean),1648( emergence of modern "Westphalian" version of sovereignty), 1989 (end of Cold War and bipolarity) omit dynamics of established modern international order. Leave out underlying modes of power and without examining social developments.)