kyle grant period
chapter 4 section 1- railroads transformed the economy and geography of the us in the late 1800
railroads carried raw materials such as iron ore, coal, and lumber to factories.
at first the demand for iron tracks and locomotives helped the iron industry grew.
railroads also helped the lumber industry,which supplied wood for railroad ties and the coal indstry
chapter 4 section 2- new technologies began a transform of society that has helped shape the world we live in today
during the 1830's samuel mores developed the telograph and mores code
Alexander Graham Bell built the first telephone in the 1870's
in 1908 ford intrduces the modle t to the public ford alos invented the assmbly line
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chapter 4 section 3-industrial expansion was made possible in part by the development of new business practices and organizations though there were costs to the new way of doing things
steel was uesed to make railroad traicks and brides and more
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as news of Edwin L. Drake and his oil strike of 1895 spread prospectors and inventors hurried to pennsylvania.
chapter 4 section 4-industrialization created a large group of workers and also difficult working conditions. the result was the beginning of the labor movement
chapter 5 section 1 - immigrants to the united states brought with them cultural heritage of their homelands
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many working laws were passed saying kids had to be 12 years old
in 1892 workers went on strike at andrew carnegie's steel plant
br 1900 more the 1 million women joined the industrial workforce
before new immigrants could come through the "golden door" they has to pass though government reception centers
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in the mid 1800's large groups of immigrants began ariveing
chapter 5 section 2- immigrants and rural americans migrated to the rapidly growing cities and jobs and opportunity.
A growing network of railroads fed city growth
In the most crowed cities, the poorest people including most immagrants lived in tenets
in the 1870 one of four americans lived in a community of 2500 or more people
people sometimes had to flee there homeland
chapthe 6 section 1 -indviduals and groups worked to remedy what they belived were unjust and unfair conditions and policies
in the late 1800s calls for reform the correction of abuses or errors in socity grew louder in the united states
since to presidency of Andrew jackson the spoils systems had been common practice.
political machines were powerful groups linked to political parties
chapter 6 section 2- women joined together to work for social political and economic rights
These changes created the "new woman"
with more free time middle class women began seeking more edcation
women found another way to use their talents and energy in women's clubs
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chapter 7 section 1- during the late 1800s, the U.S. built the foundation for its role as a world economic and political leader.
many nations expanded trade in asia
perrys mission marketed to the start of the united states
the serch for meatheral and market drove imperialism
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chapter 7 section 2-by spreding its influnes to asia and the pasiffi the united states soliddifie its position as a world leader
The Hawaiian Islands sit about 2,000 miles (3,219 km) west of California. In the 1790s, Americans and Hawaiians began to trade with each other.
An American firm planted sugarcane in Hawaii in the 1830s. This valuable crop grew well in the warm, wet climate.
Since the mid-1800s, many Americans had wanted to build a trading empire in the Pacific.
chapter 7 section 3- The United States emerged from the Spanish-American War as a world power with colonies in the Caribbean and Pacific.
The Cuban people's struggle caused great concern in the United States. Business leaders worried about the loss of property and trade in Cuba.
The American press reported the tragedy in Cuba in detail. Newspapers, including Joseph Pulitzer's World and William Randolph Hearst's Journal, tried to outdo one another.
After centuries of Spanish rule, the people of Cuba rebelled in the late 1800s.
chapter 7 section 4- The complex relationship between the United States and its neighbors to the south was largely forged in the early years of the twentieth century
In 1903 Panama was part of Colombia, a South American country. Secretary of State John Hay negotiated a treaty with Colombia.
n the 1880s, a French company tried to build a canal across Panama.
Americans and Europeans had long wanted to build a canal across Central America
8-1 world war i was a actastrophe that was many years in the makeing
much tention came to rise in europe came nationalsim
europes alliance caused truble
the growth of militarism pushed germany france and russia to make bid armys
8-2 The United States found it was unable to pursue its goal of neutrality, and the country eventually entered World War I.
Propaganda from the Central Powers was also fierce.
He told the British ambassador, "Everything I love most in the world is at stake."
More than a third of the nation's 92 million people were either foreign-born or children of immigrants.
8-3 The United States helped bring an end to the terrible destruction of World War I.
In November 1917, riots broke out over the new Russian government's handling of the war and the scarcity of food and fuel.
in March 1918, Lenin signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany.
By 1917 the years of trench warfare had exhausted the Allied armies
8-4 The war effort demonstrated the American people's ability to work hard and make sacrifices.
The labor shortage provided new job opportunities for women.
Jobs also lured hundreds of thousands of African Americans to Northern cities from the rural South.
To pay for the war, the United States government raised taxes and borrowed money by selling war bonds.
8-5 The end of World War I touched off a vigorous debate about the proper role of the United States in the world.
Europeans welcomed Wilson's ideas at first.
The landscape, farms, and towns of Europe lay in ruins.
In spite of these difficulties, Woodrow Wilson was optimistic.
9-1 Postwar adjustments in American society produced tensions and conflict.
The Russian Revolution fueled some of these suspicions.
Reds was a popular term for Communists, and the term Red Scare refers to this time of heightened public fear.
The years after World War I were an uncertain time in the United States.
9-2Searching for "normalcy," the American people turned to probusiness and isolationist leadership.
In the 1920 campaign, Warren G. Harding promised a return to "normalcy."
Harding's running mate was Massachusetts governor Calvin Coolidge.
Harding named several talented people to his cabinet, or team of advisors.
9-3 New ways of making products helped change the way people lived their lives.
Businesses also tried to build better relations with workers.
Assembly lines increased productivity and cut production costs.
Technology helped spur rapid industrial growth.
9-4 The 1920s was a period of many social and cultural changes but it was also a period of conflict between traditional and modern values.
Women were perhaps most affected by the cultural change.
Most married women continued to work at home as mothers and homemakers.
While the economy was booming, American culture was also undergoing rapid change
10-1 The Great Depression caused widespread suffering, and it changed the way people thought about themselves and their government.
The value of stocks plunged.
Many investors bought stocks "on margin."
For much of the 1920s, the United States economy was a great success story.
10-2 The New Deal involved government in social and economic concerns and changed the way government relates to its citizens.
In 1932 the nation's economy seemed to be falling apart.
Then in 1921 polio struck Roosevelt.
Young FDR enjoyed great early success.
10-4People still debate the impact of the New Deal on the Depression and on the nation overall.
Father Charles Coughlin, a Detroit priest, reached millions of listeners through his weekly radio show.
The biggest threat to Roosevelt was Huey Long.
At first, Franklin D. Roosevelt counted on big business to support his economic plans.
10-3 The Great Depression affected the lives of millions of people, especially on the Great Plains, where terrible drought added to the misery.
It was not just children who went without. Young and old alike faced hard times.
esperation drove women into the workforce. Many people felt that women should not hold jobs as long as so many men were unemployed
The Depression was a terrible time for millions of Americans. Thousands of letters arrived at the White House addressed to First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt.
11-1 In the 1930s, the hostile actions of aggressive world leaders helped lead the whole world into war.
The first dictator to rise in postwar Europe was Italy's Benito Mussolini.
hitler was one of several ruthless leaders who came into power in the 1920s and 1930s.
in his book Mein Kampf ("My Struggle"), Adolf Hitler wrote: "He who wants to live must fight, and he who does not want to fight in this world where eternal struggle is the law of life has no right to exist.
11-2 War began in Europe, and the United States found itself drawn in-despite the widespread desire for neutrality.
On September 1, 1939, Hitler sent his armies into Poland. Two days later, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany.
The German blitzkrieg was so effective that Britain and France could do nothing to help Poland.
in 1937 President Roosevelt spoke out against the growing "epidemic of world lawlessness."
11-3 Getting ready for and fighting World War II brought out the best in the people of the United States.
Recruits had to pass a physical exam to enter military service
even before Pearl Harbor, the United States had been building up its military with the Selective Service Act.
The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor united Americans. With great speed, the nation and its people prepared to fight.
11-4 With a determined effort, the Allies stopped the Axis Powers in Europe—but not before the Nazis murdered millions in the Holocaust.
Stalin wanted the Allies to cross the English Channel and attack Hitler's forces in Europe.
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After Pearl Harbor, the United States joined Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and 23 other nations in the war against the Axis Powers
13-1 A movement to end decades of mistreatment of African Americans took hold during this era.
James Farmer and George Houser founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in Chicago in 1942.
After the war, African American soldiers returned home. They hoped their wartime sacrifices would earn them greater respect and freedom.
World War II had been one turning point. African Americans' demands for more rights helped end discrimination in factories that did work for the government.
13-2 Kennedy's New Frontier and Johnson's Great Society made sweeping changes to American society.
Polls showed Nixon leading Kennedy through much of the campaign.
Other parts of Kennedy's background worked strongly in his favor. For example, he came from one of the country's wealthiest and most powerful families.
The year 1960 was a presidential election year. The Republicans named Vice President Richard M.
13-3 The successes of the civil rights movement could not prevent tragedy and the spread of less peaceful protests.
The sit-ins helped launch a new civil rights group, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
Civil rights activist Ella Baker was one of SNCC's organizers.
The civil rights movement gained strength in the 1960s. Early activity targeted segregation in the South.
13-4 The civil rights movement inspired women and groups such as Latinos, Native Americans, and disabled Americans to organize and push for equal rights.
Also in 1963, wife and mother Betty Friedan described the hopes of many women for greater opportunities in her book The Feminine Mystique.
In the early 1970s, NOW began a campaign for an Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the Constitution.
The civil rights movement did more than expand freedom and opportunity for African Americans
14-1 The fear of communism in the 1960s created tension around the world and greatly influenced America's foreign policy.
he Cold War was the focus of much of the new president's effort.
President Kennedy continued the anti-Communist foreign policy begun under Presidents Truman and Eisenhower, but he also brought some new ideas to the office.
John Kennedy became president in 1961. At that time, the American relationship with the Soviet Union was still unstable.
14-2 The United States entered Vietnam in an attempt to fight the spread of communism in Southeast Asia.
To counter the Communist threat and support South Vietnam, the Eisenhower administration sent billions of dollars in aid.
The Communist threat in South Vietnam worried the United States. If Communists took South Vietnam, President Eisenhower once said, the countries of Southeast Asia would fall to communism like a row of dominoes—one right after the other.
Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnam's independence when Japan surrendered at the end of World War II.
14-3 The Vietnam War caused strain within the United States and between the United States and other nations.
Opposition to the war increased as U.S. involvement increased.
hose for and against the war staged large public demonstrations to air their beliefs.
The war in Vietnam led to severe divisions among Americans.
14-4 The Vietnam War took a heavy toll on America's soldiers and their families. It also changed the social and political climate in the United States.
Shortly after taking office, Nixon began working toward ending U.S.
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Nixon ran for president on a promise of "peace with honor" in Vietnam.