TOPIC 2 COMPUTER SYSTEM😃

2.2 NUMBER SYSTEM AND REPRESENTATION "A way of representing numbers"

2.1 SYSTEM CONCEPT

2.1.1 Overview of computer system

Information Processing Cycle (IPOS)

Process: performing operation on the data

Output: presenting the result

Input: entering data into the computer

Storage: saving data, programs, or output for future use

Computer system is a complete, working computer that will include hardware devices, and software that are necessary to make the computer function

components of Hardware

Components of software

Storage device

processor / CPU

system software

application software

2.1.2 Data Representation "to the form in which data is stored, processed, and transmitted computers"

BIT

BYTE

The smallest unit of data computer can process that consists of 1 or 0. Use to measure speed of data transfer

A larger unit of 8 bits (1 byte) to store a single character of 256 individual characters. Use to measure storoge capacity

2.1.3 Storage Capacity

Gigabyte(GB)

Terabyte(TB)

Megabyte(MB)

Petabyte(PB)

Kilobyte(KB)

Binary

Hexadecimal

Decimal

the numbering system that represents all numbers using 10 symbols (0-9)

represents all numbers using just two symbols ( 0 and 1)

computer uses the binary numbering system to represent numbers and to perform math computations

shorthand method for representing the binary digits stored in a computer

conversion

  1. binary to decimal (use table multiply by powers of 2)
  1. decimal to hexadecimal ( divide by 16)
  1. decimal to binary (divide by 2)

4.hexadecimal to decimal use table multiply by powers of 16

  1. binary to hexadecimal (group to 4 bits -> use place value (8 4 2 1) -> decimal equivalent -> hex equivalent)
  1. hexadecimal to binary (break up each digit -> decimal equivalent -> place value -> group all digits)

2.3 INFORMATION CODING SCHEMES

EBCDIC (ebb-see-dic)

Unicode

ASCII (ask-ee)

most widely used character code used in minicomputers, personal computers and server computers

character used by IBM mainframe computers and some midrange systems

can symbolize all the world's written languages

represents 256 characters (2^4 = 256)

represents 256 characters (2^4 = 256)

represents 65536 (2^16 - 65536)

✅ takes up less memory and storage

❎ needs higher usage of memory