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(Abiotic- Describes the non-living parts of an ecosystem, Adrenal glands
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(Abiotic- Describes the non-living parts of an ecosystem
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Adrenal glands
Two small glands, one located near the upper part of each kidney, that function in the endocrine system. The glands secrete the hormone adrenaline as well as other important hormones.
, Virus- Very small infectious agent that can only reproduce inside living cells., Vector- Organism, typically a biting insect or tick, that transmits a disease or parasite from one animal or plant to another., Vaccination- Substance given to stimulate the body's production of antibodies and improve immunity against a disease., Turbidity- Measure of how cloudy a liquid looks because of solid particles suspended in it., Trophic level- Feeding level in an ecosystem., Toxin- Poison given off by a micro-organism., Treatment- Medical care given to a patient for an illness or injury.,
Alga, algae - A single or multicellular organism that has no roots, stems or leaves and is often found in water. , Transect- Straight line or narrow section across the Earth's surface, along which observations are made or measurements taken.,
Topography- Description of surface shapes and features (e.g. the shapes and features of land)., Tolerance levels-An organism's ability to tolerate various forms of stress, such as low dissolved-oxygen levels, high amounts of silt or salinity, or varying amounts of toxic chemicals., Tissue- Group of similar cells working together on a particular job., Brain- Control centre of the body and part of the central nervous system, Thyroid gland- Large butterfly-shaped endocrine gland on the front of the neck producing various hormones., Thymus- Specialised organ found behind the sternum (breast bone). It produces white blood cells that aid the immune system., Algal bloom -The sudden increase in the number of algae in a water way. Algal blooms can release toxins that can cause sickness if consumed., Thigmotropism- Turning or bending of a plant or other organism in response to a touch stimulus., Antennae- A pair of long, thin sensory appendages on the heads of insects, crustaceans and some other arthropods., Thermoregulation- Ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different., Breathing rate- Number of breaths taken within a set amount of time, typically 60 seconds. Also respiratory rate., Testes- Male reproductive glands that produce spermatozoa (male reproductive cells) and secrete hormones., Tendril- Slender threadlike appendage of a climbing plant, often growing in a spiral form, that stretches out and twines around any suitable support., Antigen -Any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it. An antigen may be a foreign substance from the environment, such as chemicals,
bacteria, viruses or pollen., Antibody- A protein produced by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances,called antigens. Each type of antibody is unique and defends the body against one
specific type of antigen., Target organ- Specific organ on which a hormone, drug, or other substance acts., System- Set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole. Systems can be natural (e.g. nervous system, ecosystem) or man made (e.g. computer system)., Synapse- Junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which nerve impulses pass, via a chemical called a neurotransmitter., Symptom-Physical or mental change that is a feature of disease., Sub-tropical rainforest- Rainforests where rainfall is more than 1300 mm annually. They grow on rich soils and are common in sheltered gullies., Aquatic-ecosystem A water-based ecosystem, Stimulus- Change in the environment that can be detected and responded to., Arthropod- An invertebrate animal of the large phylum Arthropoda, such as an insect, spider, or crustacean. They are characterised by jointed limbs, segmented body and an exoskeleton made of the chemical chitin., Spleen- Organ involved in the production and removal of blood cells in most vertebrates and forming part of the immune system., Spinal cord - Main nerve cord carrying nervous impulses to and from the brain. It is protected by the vertebrae of the backbone., Species-Group of organisms with many features in common and which breed with each other to produce offspring., Arid- Region characterized by a severe lack of available water, to the extent of hindering or
preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life., solution- Mixture that contains one or more substances (the solute) dissolved in another (the solvent)., Bacterium, bacteria
Microscopic single-celled organism that has no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles., Solvent- Substance (usually liquid) capable of dissolving one or more other substances., Solute- Matter dissolved in a liquid such as water., Balance point (of a system) -
Point in which a system is said to be in balance or at a steady state, Simple eye- Type of eye that contains a single lens which detects light., Sigmoid curve- Curve showing the rate in growth of something over time that appears as an S shape (e.g. the growth of a population). This shape is produced as the rate initially increases slowly, then increases rapidly, then finally levels off., Sensory neurone- Nerve cell in the sense organs that detects change in the environment and sends a message to the central nervous system., Sense organ- Organ of the body that responds to external stimuli by sending nerve impulses to the sensory nervous system., Scavenger- Animal that eats dead plant and animal material., Savannah - grassland ecosystem characterized by dense grass and scattered trees., Run-off- Rainfall or other water that is not absorbed into the soil and drains off the land., Behaviour- The action or reaction of something (e.g. an organism, under specified circumstances).
, Bio-accumulation - The accumulation of substances, such as pesticides, or other organic chemicals in an
organism. Also called biomagnification., Root nodules- Found growing on the roots of legume plants and contain the nitrogen-fixing bacteria called ’rhizobium'., Response- Reaction, as that of a living organism, to a specific stimulus., Restoring mechanisms (in a system)- Processes that occur to bring a system back into balance., Respiration
Process that animals and plants use to release energy stored in food (sugar)., Resources- Describes anything that is useful. For living things, resources include food, water, light, space and shelter., Respiration-Process that animals and plants use to release energy stored in food (sugar)., Respiratory system- Group of organs responsible for carrying oxygen from the air to the bloodstream and for expelling carbon dioxide., Biodiversity- The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem., Reflex arc-Nervous pathway involving a small number of neurones. A reflex occurs when nervous impulses travel from the receptor to the spinal cord then to the effector organ., Reflex action- Quick response to a stimulus. Reflex actions do not involve thought., Bone marrow-The flexible tissue found in the interior of bones. A number of cells are formed in bone marrow, including red blood cells, platelets and most white blood cells. Bone marrow, Bio-indicator- species Any biological species that defines a trait or characteristic of the environment (e.g. a species may indicate an environmental condition such as pollution). Indicator species can be among the most sensitive species in a region, and sometimes act as an early
warning to monitoring biologists., Biotic -Describes the living parts of an ecosystem., Biological control- Control of a pest by the introduction of a natural enemy or predator., Carbon store - Natural or artificial accumulation and storage of carbon-containing chemical compounds for an indefinite period. Examples include carbon accumulating and being stored in plants via photosynthesis., Recycling- Process in which waste is converted into reusable material., Recovery heart rate- Measurement of how much the heart rate falls during the first minute after peak exercise. It is calculated by subtracting the heart rate two minutes after exercise from the heart rate at the end of exercise. The healthier a person's heart is, the quicker it returns to its normal beat; the less healthy the heart is, the longer it takes it to recover., Receptor cell-Cells in a sense organ that detect changes in the environment., Quadrat- Square or rectangle of a known area in which a population sample is measured., Carbon cycle - The continual exchange and movement of carbon through the atmosphere, oceans, land and living organisms., Carnivore- An animal that eats other animals., Pulse rate- Rate at which the heart beats; usually measured in beats per minute., Protozoa- Group of organisms that comprises the single-celled microscopic animals, including amoebas, flagellates, ciliates, sporozoans, and many others., Producer- Organism that makes its own food using energy from an outside source, usually the sun., Prey- Animal hunted by other animals for food., Predator- Animal that hunts other animals for food., Population- Group of organisms of the same species inhabiting a given area., Cell - The smallest unit of living things., Chemosynthetic bacteria- Bacteria that uses chemicals to make food., Pollinator-Organism that carries pollen from one flower to another., Circulatory system- Body system that includes the heart, blood vessels, blood, lymph and the lymphatic vessels and glands. It works as a transport and delivery system and is responsible for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all cells, as well as the removal of carbon dioxide and waste products., Carnivorous plant- Plants adapted to attract, capture and digest primarily insects, but also other small animals., Peripheral nervous system (PNS)- Part of the nervous system. An elaborate network of nerves throughout the body that receives information from inside and outside the body and relays it to the central nervous system., Pituitary gland- Pea-sized endocrine gland at the base of the brain whose hormonal secretions control the other endocrine glands., Pineal gland- Small endocrine gland in the brain. It produces a hormone that affects such things as wake/sleep patterns., Phytoplankton- Small, usually microscopic plants (such as algae), found in lakes, reservoirs, and other bodies of water., Central Nervous System (CNS)- Part of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord; necessary for thought processes., Phototropism - Orientation of a plant or other organism in response to light., Community of organisms-
Group of interdependent organisms of different species growing or living together in a specified location (habitat), Competition -The process where living things compete for the same resources in the environment, Photosynthesis - Chemical reaction that occurs in plants to convert sunlight into stored chemical energy in the form of glucose., Phosphorus- Element needed by living things, also found in fertilisers and detergents., Phosphates - Compound containing phosphorous and oxygen. It is an essential element to life and a major plant nutrient., Pheromones - Chemical substance produced and released into the environment by an animal, affecting the behaviour or physiology of others of its species., Phagocyte - Type of white blood cell capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles., Compound eye- An eye that consists of many visual units, each having its own lens. Insects and crustaceans have compound eyes., PH- A measure of how basic or acidic a substance is., Concept map - Diagram showing the relationships between concepts. It helps to organise and represent knowledge., Pathogen- Disease-producing micro-organism., Penicillin- Antibiotic or group of antibiotics produced naturally by certain blue moulds and chemically synthesised. It is used to prevent bacteria from multiplying., Parathyroid gland- Small endocrine glands in the neck that produce parathyroid hormone., Parasite
Organism that lives in or on another organism. The parasite benefits while, usually, harming the host organism., Consumer An organism that relies entirely on other organisms for its food., Contamination- The introduction of harmful pollutants or chemicals into a natural environment., Pancreas- Organ that is a gland in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. As an endocrine gland, it produces several important hormones, including insulin and glucagon., Cuticle- Tough but flexible outer covering of an organism, or parts of an organism., Ovaries- Female reproductive organ in which ova or eggs are produced and where hormones are secreted (e.g. oestrogen and progesterone)., Osmoregulation- How organisms regulate and balance the gain and loss of water from the body through the regulation of water and salt concentrations., Organism- A living thing. Includes plants, animals, fungi and microscopic life forms., Organic matter- Substance or material that comes from living organisms., organ system
Group of organs working together to keep an organism alive and healthy., Organ- Various tissues joined together make up an organ. Each organ has a specific job within the body., Output (from a system)- Something that is produced by a system., Omnivore- Animal that eats plants and other animals., Nutrients- Substances that provide energy and chemicals that living things need to stay alive, grow and reproduce., NPK- Abbreviation for the three main nutrients identified as essential for plants: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Often found in fertilisers., Nocireceptor- Sensory receptor that senses pain., Nitrogen-fixing bacteria- Bacteria found in the soil or on the root nodules of some plants (legumes) that can convert nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds., Nitrogen fixation- Process where nitrogen in the air is changed into nitrogen compounds.)